Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Yr 9 Exam > Flashcards

Yr 9 Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Intro - What is cutlass?

A

Crosses, units, title, labels, axis, size, smooth/straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intro - what variables are there?

A

Independent, dependent, control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intro - What is the independent variable?

A

Variable that is manipulated to determine the value of a dependent variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intro - What is the dependent variable?

A

The dependent variable is what is being measured in an experiment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intro - What is the control variable?

A

Variable that is not changed throughout the experiment to keep the experiment fair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intro - How to name a graph?

A

The relationship between … and/compared to …

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bio - Define Organism

A

An object that carries out all the life functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bio - Define non-living

A

An object which had never been alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bio - What is MRS C GREN

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, cells, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bio - Define movement

A

Moving the whole or part of the organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bio - Define respiration

A

Creating useful energy from food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bio - Define sensitivity

A

Able to detect and respond to environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bio - Define cells

A

The building blocks of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bio - Define growth

A

Increase size or change in life stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bio - Define reproduction

A

Able to produce offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bio - Define excretion

A

Disposal of wastes from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bio - What are chlorophyll?

A

Chemical in chloroplasts responsible for absorption of sunlight, appears as a green pigment in leaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bio - What is an organelle?

A

Parts of a cell that have specific functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bio - What is starch?

A

The storage of sugar in a plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bio - what are the capillaries?

A

Small blood vessels that deliver nutrients, and remove waste from individual cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bio - Lable a plant cross section

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of a wide blade?

A

Captures maximum sunlight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of a thin lead?

A

Allows maximum light penetration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of a vein network?

A

Supports leaf and supplies water from roots and moved sugar to the rest of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bio - Why is the leaf green?

A

Chlorophyll is present to trap light energy .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of pores in the leaf?

A

Allows CO2 to move in and out of the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of a cuticle (waxy surface)?

A

Prevent excessive water loss from epidermis by covering up any holes between the cells and keeps all the water inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Intro - What is the scientific order?

A

Aim, Hypothesis, experiment, observation, analysis, conclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of the Epidermis layer cells?

A

Protect/support the leaf and also makes the waxy surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of the palisade layer cells?

A

Contains lots of chlorophyll for trapping sunlight energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of the spongy layer cells?

A

Contains fewer chloroplasts than the palisade layer because the light is weaker. Also has air space to allow gas flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of the guard cells?

A

Located in the epidermis. control the size of the stomata regulated by water content.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Bio - How many guards cells are there?

A

2 guard cells per stomata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bio - What are the stomata?

A

A hole to allow gasses to enter the leaf, controlled by the guard cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Bio - What are the two parts of the vein?

A

Xylem and phloem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Bio - Where are the chloroplasts located?

A

In the Palisade mesophyll layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Bio - Why are the stomata on the bottom of the leaf?

A

Top of the leaf is adapted to take in light and the bottom is used to take in CO2. This efficiently uses the area of a leaf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Bio - What is the purpose of having small leaves?

A

Small leaves have a reduced surface area to enable plants to conserve water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Bio - What is the word equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bio - Define photosynthesis.

A

Plants using sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Bio - What is the word equation of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water =(light energy + chlorophyll)= glucose + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Bio - label the digestive system

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Bio - Define Digestion.

A

Food is broken down by a physical force and enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Bio - Define ingestion

A

Food is taken into the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Bio - Define absorption

A

Small particles pass into the blood capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Bio - Define egestion.

A

Undigested food which is not used leaves the anus as feces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Bio - What types of digestion are there?

A
  • *Mechanical** is when the shape is physically changed so it can fit through the small diameter of the digestive system
  • *Chemical** is when the bonds are broken and this allows useful chemicals to be released and dissolved in the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Bio - Define food chain

A

Diagram to show the flow of chemical potential energy between organisms in a habitat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Bio - Define trophic level.

A

Level of organization in a food chain or web. eg the producer is trophic level 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Bio - What is the order of a food chain?

A

Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, quaternary consumer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Bio - How much energy is transferred between trophic levels?

A

10% the rest is lost in reproduction, growth, defecation and nonpreditorial deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Bio - Define food web.

A

Shows all the food chains in an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Bio - Why do food chains rarely go over 5 trophic levels?

A

Food chains rarely go over 5 trophic levels because only 10% of the energy is transferred, making it difficult for organisms higher up to get enough energy.

54
Q

Bio - Define adaptation

A

Feature of an organism that enables it to survive in a particular habitat.

55
Q

Bio - What types of adaptations are there?

A

Behavioral (behavior), structural (physical) and physiological (internal mechanisms)

56
Q

Bio - Name three Kiwi adaptations.

A

Whiskers at the base of their beak to aid in nocturnal navigation. Nostrils at the end of their beak assist them in finding food. Being nocturnal to avoid predators during the day.

57
Q

Bio - Describe cell membrane and explain its function.

A

A thin envelope around the cell that controls the entry and exit of substances into the cell.

58
Q

Bio - Describe nucleus and explain its function.

A

A dark dense sphere that controls the activities of the cell.

59
Q

Bio - Describe cytoplasm and explain its function.

A

A jelly-like substance that fills the cell where many important reactions take place

60
Q

Bio - Describe cell wall and explain its function.

A

Made of strong fibers that make a rigid wall and supports the plants

61
Q

Bio - Describe chloroplast and explain its function.

A

A structure which contains chlorophyll and makes food for plant photosynthesis.

62
Q

Bio - Describe mitochondria and explain its function.

A

The organelle where respiration occurs, it carries out the process of respiration.

63
Q

Bio - Describe vacuole and explain its function.

A

A bag of liquids that stores substances.

64
Q

Chem - Define element

A

Elements are made form only one type of atom, therefore they are pure.

65
Q

Chem - Define compound

A

A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically joined together.

66
Q

Chem - Define mixtures

A

Mixtures are impure and are made from elements, compounds or elements and compounds, mixtures can be separated easily.

67
Q

Chem - Define atomic number and mass number

A

The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. This is also equal to the number of electrons. The mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.

68
Q

Chem - Define atom and sub atomic particle.

A

The atom is the smallest particle of the element. Sub atomic particles are what makes up the atom, so protons, neutrons and electrons.

69
Q

Chem - Define concentration and ​dilute solution.

A

A concentration solution has lots of solute dissolved in it. A dilute solution has a little solute dissolved in it.

70
Q

Chem - Define pure and impure substances.

A

Pure substances are made of only one type of atom. For example oxygen. Impure substances are made from two or more particles not chemically joined. For example sand.

71
Q

Chem - Define insoluble and soluble and give an example.

A

Insoluble does not dissolve and soluble does dissolve. For example, sand is insoluble and sugar is soluble.

72
Q

Chem - Define solute and solvent and give an example.

A

Solute is a SUBSTANCE that dissolves and a solvent is the LIQUID that does dissolve. For example, coffee powder is a solute and milk is a solvent.

73
Q

Chem - Define periodic table

A

The periodic table is a table that organizes the elements based on their atomic number and properties.

74
Q

Chem - Define solution

A

And a solution is a mixture of solvents and solutes.​

75
Q

Chem - How many elements are there?

A

92 elements exist naturally, 24 have been made in labs.

76
Q

Chem - State the first 20 elements plus the extra ones.

A

H Hydrogen, He Helium, Li Lithium, Be Beryllium, B Boron, C Carbon, N Nitrogen, O Oxygen, F Fluorine, Ne Neon, Na Sodium, Mg Magnesium, Al Aluminum, Si Silicon, P Phosphorus, S Sulfur, Cl Chlorine, Ar Argon, K Potassium, Ca Calcium, Au Gold, Ag Silver, Cu Copper, Hg Mercury and Fe Iron.

77
Q

Chem - Why are atoms neutral overall?

A

Atoms are neutral overall because there is the same number as protons(positive) and electrons(negative).

78
Q

Chem - What is the shell config on an atom?

A

2,8,8,2

79
Q

Chem - How do groups and periods organize elements?

A

Groups go up and down and have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. Periods go left to right and has the same number of electron shells. Elements in the same group or period react similar.

80
Q

Chem - What is the name of the outermost shell?

A

Valence shell.

81
Q

Chem - What is the name of the outermost electrons?

A

Valence electron.

82
Q

Chem - Explain dilute, concentration and saturation.

A

A dilute contains a small amount of solute in a solvent. A concentration contains a large amount of solute in a solvent. A saturated solution is when no more solute will dissolve in a solvent.

83
Q

Chem - What is an isotope?

A

An atom with a different number of neutrons from its element.

84
Q

Chem - explain the filtration technique

A

Filtration uses physical properties to separate, it separates solute from solvent based on particle size.

85
Q

Chem - explain the decanting technique

A

Decanting uses time to separate, particles sink to the bottom and then the liquid is poured out, this isn’t precise because the particles can poured out as well.

86
Q

Chem - explain the distillation technique

A

Distillation uses boiling points to separate, the mixture is heated to the lowest boiling point so one substance can evaporate.

87
Q

Chem - explain the chromatography technique

A

Chromatography uses amounts of substances to separate, there are two methods, paper and gas.

88
Q

Chem - explain the evaporation technique

A

Evaporation uses boiling points to separate because the solvent has a lower boiling point, the solvent is left behind.

89
Q

Chem - Explain the magnetic separation technique

A

Magnetic separation uses magnetic properties to separate, it extracts certain materials based on their magnetic power.

90
Q

Chem - What is a molecule

A

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.

91
Q

Chem - How do you calculate density and what unit?

A 
Density = **mass/volume** 
Unit = gram/millilitres(**g/mL**)
92
Q

Chem - What are the states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid and gas

93
Q

Chem - Define volume

A

The space a substance occupies, measured in cm^3 or Litres

94
Q

Chem - What is property?

A

How a substance behaves, eg its flow

95
Q

Chem - What is compression?

A

Particles being squashed into a smaller amount of space.

96
Q

Chem - What is expansion?

A

Particles moving apart due to an increase in heat and kinetic energy taking up a larger volume.

97
Q

Chem - What is contraction?

A

Particles moving closer due to a decrease in heat and kinetic energy taking up a smaller volume.

98
Q

Chem - Define density.

A

The number of particles in a certain area determines the density. For example, more particles in a certain area would result in a higher density.

99
Q

Chem - What is melting?

A

Solid to liquid

100
Q

Chem - What is evaporation?

A

Liquid to gas

101
Q

Chem - What is condensation?

A

Gas to liquid

102
Q

Chem - What is solidify/freezing?

A

Liquid to solid

103
Q

Chem - What is sublimation?

A

Solid to gas

104
Q

Chem - What is reverse sublimation?

A

gas to solid

105
Q

Phys - Why is energy needed?

A

Energy is needed to make things move or change.

106
Q

Phys - Can objects have many types of energy?

A

Yes, eg: The sun.

107
Q

Phys - What are the main forms of energy?

A
  • *Potential:** gravitational, elastic, nuclear, magnetic & chemical.
  • *Active:** kinetic, heat, sound, light and electrical.
108
Q

Phys - What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred and transformed.

109
Q

Phys - What unit is energy measured in?

A 
Joules(J).
Kilo joules(kJ) \* 1000 J.
110
Q

Phys - What is efficiency?

A

Efficiency is how much of the total energy is useful.

111
Q

Phys - Who do you calculate efficiency?

A

Output energy / input energy * 100

112
Q

Phys - What is Ep mean?

A

Ep is calculating gravitational potential energy.

113
Q

Phys - How do you calculate EP?

A

Ep = mgh. M = mass, G = gravity(10) and H = Height.

114
Q

Phys - What are the three types of heat transfer?

A

Conduction(direct contact), convention(liquids and gasses) and radiation(electromagnetic waves).

115
Q

Phys - Lable an energy transfer diagram

A
116
Q

Phys - Lable a longitudinal and transverse wave.

A
117
Q

Phys - Define sound and light.

A

Sound is a type of energy that travels as a longitudinal wave.

Light is a type of energy that travels as a transverse wave.

118
Q

Phys - Define transverse and longitude waves.

A

Transverse waves are waves that travel up and down at 90 degrees to the direction of travel(light).

Longitude waves are waves that vibrate parallel to the direction to the movement(sound).

119
Q

Phys - What is the law of reflection?

A

The incident ray and the reflected ray lie on the same plane. The normal is perpendicular to the mirror. The incident ray is equal to the reflected ray.

120
Q

Phys - What are some everyday uses of concave mirrors and convex mirrors?

A

Concave mirrors are used on the headlights of cars. Convex mirrors are used on the mirrors of a cars.

121
Q

Phys - Define wave and color spectrum.

A

A wave is a way to transfer energy without transferring matter. The color spectrum is all the colors that make white light.

122
Q

Phys - Explain how sound travels through matter.

A

Sound waves move by vibrating the molecules in the matter

123
Q

Phys - Explain how light travels.

A

Light waves don’t need any matter or material to carry its energy

124
Q

Phys - What type of lens do nearsighted eyes need?

A

Concave lens.

125
Q

Phys - What type of lens do farsighted eyes need?

A

Convex lens.

126
Q

Phys - Do light rays bend towards or away from the normal in denser/less denser objects?

A

When light rays enter a denser object the light rays bend towards the normal. When light rays enter a less denser object the light rays bend away from the normal.

127
Q

Phys - Discuss how the ear works.

A

Sound waves travel by particle vibrations. When a particle vibrates it makes the particle next to it vibrate. The pinna focuses these vibrations into the ear canal where the vibrations travel through the air and cause the ear drum to vibrate. The small bones in your ears move back and forth while the ear drum vibrates. The movement moves the membrane at the other end of the cochlea. The cochlea is filled with a liquid that vibrates and moves little hairs also inside the cochlea. The movement of these hairs is transferred into electrical signals that are sent to the brain by the auditory nerve. The brain translates these signals into the sounds we hear.

128
Q

Phys - Discuss how the eye works.

A

Light rays travel to the cornea. The cornea is transparent to let the light through, but tough to protect the inner eye. Then the light passes through the pupil. The pupil is a hole that is controlled by the iris muscle. The iris can close to prevent too much light damaging the retina. The light then passes through the lens. The lens is a clear structure that refracts light rays and converges them through the vitreous humor and onto the retina. The retina is the back lining of the eye of the eye that contains light sensitive cells. These cells convert light falling on them into electrical and nervous messages. These messages are then sent to the brain.
.
.
.

129
Q

Phys - Lable the ear

A
130
Q

Phys - Lable the eye

A

Science (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions