Yr 11 - Acid and Bases Flashcards
Atom
The smallest particle of the element.
Element
a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Subatomic Particle
Particles that make up the atom: proton, electron, neutron
Proton
relative mass = 1, num of protons defines the element
Electron
relative mass = 0.0005, found outside the nucleus in shells
Neutrons
relative mass = 1, found in nucleus
Atomic number
Num of protons in atom
Mass num
Num of protons + neutronsx
Rules for naming ions
- Postive ions KEEP their name
- Negative monoatomic = ‘ion’-IDE (Chloride)
- Negative polyatomic ‘ion’-ATE (Sulphate)
Exceptions: OH⁻ = Hydroxide & NH₄⁺
What is Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺
Iron (II) and Iron(III)
Difference between polyatomic and monoatomic
- A monatomic ion consists of a single atom that is ionized. Eg: Na+
- A polyatomic ion consists of several atoms bonded to each other. Eg: OH⁻
Define ion
An atom or molecule with an electric charge because of the loss or gain of electrons.
Why do atoms form ions
Atoms gain or lose electrons and form ions in order to have a full valence shell which makes them stable.
Cation
Positive Ion
Anion
Negative Ion
When can an ionic compound be created
metal + non metal
exception: NH₄⁺
What is an ionic bond
The force of electrostatic attraction that holds ions together with an ionic substance (+ -)
What order are ions written in
Postive ion first, then negative
Key points about para on ions
- Charge of ions
- Compound is overall neutral charge
- Charges cancel out
- Loosing/gaining to have full shell
- To become ion they give/take electron and ratio is 1:1
What is particle theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, ions & molecules) and theyre in constant motion. Temperature , concentration, surface area and catalysis affect this speed.
What is collision theory?
In order for a chemical reaction to occur, two + reacts must collide with a minimum amount of force to react, this is the activation energy.
