Yr 11 - Acid and Bases

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of the element.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Question 3

Subatomic Particle

Answer 3

Particles that make up the atom: proton, electron, neutron

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

relative mass = 1, num of protons defines the element

Question 5

Electron

Answer 5

relative mass = 0.0005, found outside the nucleus in shells

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

relative mass = 1, found in nucleus

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Num of protons in atom

Question 8

Mass num

Answer 8

Num of protons + neutronsx

Question 9

Rules for naming ions

Answer 9

• Postive ions KEEP their name
• Negative monoatomic = ‘ion’-IDE (Chloride)
• Negative polyatomic ‘ion’-ATE (Sulphate)
  Exceptions: OH⁻ = Hydroxide & NH₄⁺

Question 10

What is Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺

Answer 10

Iron (II) and Iron(III)

Question 11

Difference between polyatomic and monoatomic

Answer 11

• A monatomic ion consists of a single atom that is ionized. Eg: Na+
• A polyatomic ion consists of several atoms bonded to each other. Eg: OH⁻

Question 12

Define ion

Answer 12

An atom or molecule with an electric charge because of the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 13

Why do atoms form ions

Answer 13

Atoms gain or lose electrons and form ions in order to have a full valence shell which makes them stable.

Question 14

Cation

Answer 14

Positive Ion

Question 15

Anion

Answer 15

Negative Ion

Question 16

When can an ionic compound be created

Answer 16

metal + non metal

exception: NH₄⁺

Question 17

What is an ionic bond

Answer 17

The force of electrostatic attraction that holds ions together with an ionic substance (+ -)

Question 18

What order are ions written in

Answer 18

Postive ion first, then negative

Question 19

Key points about para on ions

Answer 19

• Charge of ions
• Compound is overall neutral charge
• Charges cancel out
• Loosing/gaining to have full shell
• To become ion they give/take electron and ratio is 1:1

Question 20

What is particle theory?

Answer 20

All matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, ions & molecules) and theyre in constant motion. Temperature , concentration, surface area and catalysis affect this speed.

Question 21

What is collision theory?

Answer 21

In order for a chemical reaction to occur, two + reacts must collide with a minimum amount of force to react, this is the activation energy.