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Science > Yr 10 Biology > Flashcards

Yr 10 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Define organelle

A

Small part of the cell with a particular job to do

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2
Q

Define cell

A

Smallest part of a living organism

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3
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of specialized cells that carry out a particular job

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4
Q

Define organ

A

A group of different tissues that work together to carry out a job in the system

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5
Q

Define organ system

A

A group of different organs which work together to carry out a specific life process in an organism

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6
Q

Define respiration

A

Creating useful energy from food

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7
Q

Define antagonist muscles

A

Muscles that work in pairs to control the movement of joints

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8
Q

Define joints

A

Where bone come together and they allow for controlled movement

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9
Q

Define cartilege

A

Flexible tissue that covers the end of bones at a joint

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10
Q

Define ligament

A

Fibers that hold bone to bone at the end of the joint

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11
Q

Define tendon

A

fibers that attach muscle to bone

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12
Q

Define synovial joint

A

a common joint that is surrounded by a special membrane that lubricates the joint

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13
Q

Define breathing

A

the process of taking in (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)

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14
Q

Define Cellular respiration

A

Process in a cell that converts glucose and oxygen to create energy (CO2 is also given off)

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15
Q

Define trachea

A

The ribbed tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs

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16
Q

Define bronchiole

A

The small airways that passes through to the small alveoli

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17
Q

Define alveoli

A

The small air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

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18
Q

Define capillary

A

Give oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues and deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into the veins. Essentially a bridge between the arteries and the veins

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19
Q

Define red blood cell

A

A cell in the blood that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

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20
Q

Define white blood cell

A

Cells found in the blood that help defend it from infection such as bacteria and viruses

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21
Q

Example human organelle.

A

Mitochondria - respiration

22
Q

Example human cell.

A

Red blood cell - carries oxygen

23
Q

Example human tissue.

A

Muscle

24
Q

Example human organ

A

Heart - pump oxygen

25
Q

Example human organ system

A

Digestive system - absorb nutrients

26
Q

Function and specialisation of red blood cell

A

Contain hemoglobin that carries oxygen around. The concave shape increases surface area for more hemoglobin. No nucleus meaning more room for hemoglobin.

27
Q

Function and specialisation of nerve cell

A

Transmit electrical nerve impulses and so carry information from one part of the body to another. Dendrites extend from the cell body to make connections with other neurones. Have a long axon (nerve fibre) to carry the impulse to the target organ.

28
Q

Function and specialisation of sperm cell

A

Fertilises a female egg. The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.

29
Q

Function and specialization of leaf cell

A

Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.

30
Q

Function of skeleton

A

support, movement, protection, shape, production of blood cells

31
Q

Function of muscles

A

movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production

32
Q

Red blood diagram

A

.

33
Q

Epithelial Diagram

A

.

34
Q

Nerve Diagram

A

.

35
Q

Sperm Diagram

A

.

36
Q

Leaf Diagram

A

.

37
Q

Skeleton Diagram

A

.

38
Q

Muscle Diagram

A

.

39
Q

Synovial Joint diagram

A

.

40
Q

What is the role of blood in the respiratory system.

A

To absorb the oxygen in the hemoglobins and then distribute it throughout the body.

41
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma.

42
Q

What are platelets and blood plasma?

A

Platelets are blood clots to stop bleeding. Plasma carries nutrients and hormones as well as keeping the blood suspended.

43
Q

What is the word equation for respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + ATP

44
Q

Effect of exercise on heart rate

A

Inhaling quicker to get more oxygen and therefore ehaling more. Greater volume of blood passing through alveoli, more red blood cells become oxygenated as cells need a greater rater rate of respiratorion (arobic), more O2 needs to be dissociated from the red blood cells.

45
Q

Heart diagram

A

.

46
Q

Lung diagram

A

.

47
Q

Special features artery

A

Thick muscle wall because of pressure

48
Q

Special features capilaries

A

One cell thick for transfer

49
Q

Special features veins

A

Large lumen for travel and valves for no back flow

50
Q

What is the lungs role in excretion?

A

Remove carbon dioxide from the body through the process of exhaling

51
Q

What is the adaptations of the alveloi

A

Folded for greater surface area. One cell thick walls. Surrounded by capillaries to ensure blood flow. Ventilated to remove carbon dioxide.

52
Q

What are the main types of tissues?

A

muscle, epithelial, connective and nervous

Science (33 decks)

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