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PE > Yr13 Physiology > Flashcards

Yr13 Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is fluid mechanics

A

Object or human that travels through any liquid or gas

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2
Q

What is drag force

A

Air resistance and friction
A force that slows something down
Negative effect on velocity

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3
Q

Two types of drag

A

Surface drag-friction between surface and fluid environment
Form drag- fluid environment on an object

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4
Q

Factors that reduce drag

A

Streamlining
Lower mass
Sporting technology

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5
Q

Factors that increase drag

A

Higher velocity
Larger cross sectional area
Larger mass

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6
Q

Newton’s first law

A

States that an object will remain stationary or continue at constant velocity unless acted on by an external force

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7
Q

Newton’s second law

A

States that acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it

F=MxA

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8
Q

Newton’s third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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9
Q

What is angular motion

A

Motion of a body about a fixed point or axis

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10
Q

What is angular velocity

A

Speed of rotation

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11
Q

Acceleration formula

A

Change in velocity/time

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12
Q

Momentum formula

A

Mass x velocity

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13
Q

Internal forces

A

When skeletal muscles contract

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14
Q

External forces

A

Comes external to the body e.g friction

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15
Q

Horizontal forces

A

Air resistance and friction

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16
Q

Impulse

A

Time taken for a force to be applied to an object or body

Impulse = force x time

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17
Q

Principles of training

A

Specificity
Progressive overload
Reversibility
Recovery

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18
Q

FIIT principles

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

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19
Q

Periodisation

A

Dividing year into blocks and cycles to achieve a peak at perfect time

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20
Q

Macrocyle

A

Preparation-involves general conditioning
Competition- where performer refines skills
Transition- rest and recovery stage

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21
Q

Mesocycle

A

Last 4-12 week , training with a particular focus e.g sprinter focusing on their speed

22
Q

Microcycle

A

1-4 weeks
Smaller mesocycle with a specific focus
Short term specific goals

23
Q

Tapering

A

Reduction in volume prior to competition

24
Q

Peaking

A

Being at peak performance at the right time

25
Q

Static stretching

A

Stretch performed without movement

26
Q

Ballistic stretching

A

Classed as dynamic or passive stretching

27
Q

Active stretching

A

Method of improving flexibility
Involves contracting of one muscle and stretching the other(antagonist)

28
Q

Minerals studied

A

Iron- helps formation of haemoglobin
Sodium- muscle contractions
Calcium- increases bone strength

29
Q

Factors affecting stability

A

Size of base support
Area of base support- wider= more stability
Height of COM lower= more stability
Points of contact

30
Q

Second class lever

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

31
Q

Mechanical advantage of second class lever

A

Can generate high forces

32
Q

Mechanical disadvantage of second class lever

A

Slow with limited range of movement

33
Q

First class lever

A

Triceps in extension of elbow

34
Q

Mechanical advantage of first class and third

A

Large ROM and resistance can be moved quickly

35
Q

Mechanical disadvantage of third and first class levers

A

Cannot apply much force to move an object

36
Q

Third class lever

A

Flexion of bicep in upward phase of bicep curl

37
Q

What is linear motion

A

Motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts moving at Same distance,speed and direction

38
Q

Vector components of parabolic flight path

A

Horizontal component
Vertical component

39
Q

What is the Bernoulli principle

A

States that air that travels further travels at a higher pressure travels slower decreasing velocity and VICE VERSA

40
Q

Angular velocity formula

A

Angular displacement/time

41
Q

Hyperbaric chamber

A

Enclosed space filled with pure oxygen in attempt to increase oxygen to the body and muscles

Benefits
- reduces inflammation
-reduces recovery time
-02 delivery increased

42
Q

Pros and cons fats to endurance athlete

A

Useful as fats are used when working at low intesnities

Although too much fat can increase weight gain reducing speed

43
Q

LDL cholesterol- saturated fats

A

Bad cholesterol that can build up in walls of blood vessels and cause heart disease e.g heart attacks and strokes

Found in fatty dairy products

44
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

Helps remove other forms of cholesterol from blood stream

Found in nuts

45
Q

Vitamins

A

Vitamin c - citrus fruits- immune system

Vitamin D- increase calcium absorption- health of bones and muscles

Vitamin b-12 - increase red blood cell production- aid’s absorption of iron

Vitamin b- complex - boost energy levels

46
Q

Water

A

Maintain hydration
Cell function
Blood plasma - RBC transportation

47
Q

Centre of mass

A

Balance point of body’s mass or weight

48
Q

Impulse

A

Measure of force applied for specific time

Force x time

Javelin player may apply high impulse to increase distance thrown

49
Q

Factors affecting flight paths of objects

A

Mass of object- shot put less likely to be affected by air resistance

Speed of release

Angle of release

Height of release

50
Q

Displacement

A

The length of a straight line from the starting to end point

PE (30 decks)

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