Yr13 Physiology

Question 1

What is fluid mechanics

Answer 1

Object or human that travels through any liquid or gas

Question 2

What is drag force

Answer 2

Air resistance and friction
A force that slows something down
Negative effect on velocity

Question 3

Two types of drag

Answer 3

Surface drag-friction between surface and fluid environment
Form drag- fluid environment on an object

Question 4

Factors that reduce drag

Answer 4

Streamlining
Lower mass
Sporting technology

Question 5

Factors that increase drag

Answer 5

Higher velocity
Larger cross sectional area
Larger mass

Question 6

Newton’s first law

Answer 6

States that an object will remain stationary or continue at constant velocity unless acted on by an external force

Question 7

Newton’s second law

Answer 7

States that acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it

F=MxA

Question 8

Newton’s third law

Answer 8

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 9

What is angular motion

Answer 9

Motion of a body about a fixed point or axis

Question 10

What is angular velocity

Answer 10

Speed of rotation

Question 11

Acceleration formula

Answer 11

Change in velocity/time

Question 12

Momentum formula

Answer 12

Mass x velocity

Question 13

Internal forces

Answer 13

When skeletal muscles contract

Question 14

External forces

Answer 14

Comes external to the body e.g friction

Question 15

Horizontal forces

Answer 15

Air resistance and friction

Question 16

Impulse

Answer 16

Time taken for a force to be applied to an object or body

Impulse = force x time

Question 17

Principles of training

Answer 17

Specificity
Progressive overload
Reversibility
Recovery

Question 18

FIIT principles

Answer 18

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

Question 19

Periodisation

Answer 19

Dividing year into blocks and cycles to achieve a peak at perfect time

Question 20

Macrocyle

Answer 20

Preparation-involves general conditioning
Competition- where performer refines skills
Transition- rest and recovery stage

Question 21

Mesocycle

Answer 21

Last 4-12 week , training with a particular focus e.g sprinter focusing on their speed

Question 22

Microcycle

Answer 22

1-4 weeks
Smaller mesocycle with a specific focus
Short term specific goals

Question 23

Tapering

Answer 23

Reduction in volume prior to competition

Question 24

Peaking

Answer 24

Being at peak performance at the right time

Question 25

Static stretching

Answer 25

Stretch performed without movement

Question 26

Ballistic stretching

Answer 26

Classed as dynamic or passive stretching

Question 27

Active stretching

Answer 27

Method of improving flexibility Involves contracting of one muscle and stretching the other(antagonist)

Question 28

Minerals studied

Answer 28

Iron- helps formation of haemoglobin Sodium- muscle contractions Calcium- increases bone strength

Question 29

Factors affecting stability

Answer 29

Size of base support Area of base support- wider= more stability Height of COM lower= more stability Points of contact

Question 30

Second class lever

Answer 30

Plantarflexion of ankle

Question 31

Mechanical advantage of second class lever

Answer 31

Can generate high forces

Question 32

Mechanical disadvantage of second class lever

Answer 32

Slow with limited range of movement

Question 33

First class lever

Answer 33

Triceps in extension of elbow

Question 34

Mechanical advantage of first class and third

Answer 34

Large ROM and resistance can be moved quickly

Question 35

Mechanical disadvantage of third and first class levers

Answer 35

Cannot apply much force to move an object

Question 36

Third class lever

Answer 36

Flexion of bicep in upward phase of bicep curl

Question 37

What is linear motion

Answer 37

Motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts moving at Same distance,speed and direction

Question 38

Vector components of parabolic flight path

Answer 38

Horizontal component Vertical component

Question 39

What is the Bernoulli principle

Answer 39

States that air that travels further travels at a higher pressure travels slower decreasing velocity and VICE VERSA

Question 40

Angular velocity formula

Answer 40

Angular displacement/time

Question 41

Hyperbaric chamber

Answer 41

Enclosed space filled with pure oxygen in attempt to increase oxygen to the body and muscles Benefits - reduces inflammation -reduces recovery time -02 delivery increased

Question 42

Pros and cons fats to endurance athlete

Answer 42

Useful as fats are used when working at low intesnities Although too much fat can increase weight gain reducing speed

Question 43

LDL cholesterol- saturated fats

Answer 43

Bad cholesterol that can build up in walls of blood vessels and cause heart disease e.g heart attacks and strokes Found in fatty dairy products

Question 44

HDL cholesterol

Answer 44

Helps remove other forms of cholesterol from blood stream Found in nuts

Question 45

Vitamins

Answer 45

Vitamin c - citrus fruits- immune system Vitamin D- increase calcium absorption- health of bones and muscles Vitamin b-12 - increase red blood cell production- aid’s absorption of iron Vitamin b- complex - boost energy levels

Question 46

Water

Answer 46

Maintain hydration Cell function Blood plasma - RBC transportation

Question 47

Centre of mass

Answer 47

Balance point of body’s mass or weight

Question 48

Impulse

Answer 48

Measure of force applied for specific time Force x time Javelin player may apply high impulse to increase distance thrown

Question 49

Factors affecting flight paths of objects

Answer 49

Mass of object- shot put less likely to be affected by air resistance Speed of release Angle of release Height of release

Question 50

Displacement

Answer 50

The length of a straight line from the starting to end point