Yr12 Pyschology Flashcards
Phonological loop
Deals with auditory information and helps retain verbal and auditory info
Visor-spatial sketchpad
Interprets and deals with visual and spatial information
Whittinngs model (information processing) components in order
Receptor systems
Perceptual mechanisms
Selective attention
Effector mechanisms
Muscular system
Output data
Perceptual mechanism role
Information brought in from the environment and is analysed
Translators mechanisms
Used the information to make a decision on the skill to be performed
Effector mechanism
Selected movement chosen is sent to the muscles and performed
What is the psychological refractory period
Period of time during which response to a second stimulus is slowed because a first stimulus is still being processed
Single channel hypothesis
States that you can only respond to one stimuli at a time
Strategies to improve information processing
Variable practice
Game specific training
Optimal arousal
High organisation skill
Hard to break down into subroutines e.g cycling
Low organisation skills
Skills that are easy to break down into subroutines
E.g long jump
Simple reaction time
Time taken to respond to a singular stimulus
Choice reaction time
Time taken to react to a stimulus when there are multiple possible stimuli
Externally paced skills
Skills controlled by the environment
Returning a serve in tennis
Self paced skill
Skills in which the performer determines the time and pace of the skill
Serve in tennis
Social learning theory
Explains how humans observe and imitate attitudes,emotions and behaviours of others
Operant conditioning
Method of learning that uses rewards and punishments to modify behaviour
Positive reinforcement- strengthen sr bond
Negative reinforcement- strengthen sr bond when it is performed
Punishment - weaken sr bond
Operant conditioning pros and cons
Cons- performer doesn’t fully understand their actions without a reward
Pros natural process of learning, easy way to train desired response
Observational learning bandura
States that performers learn new skills by observing others
Attention - ability level
Retention- mental picture
Motor reproduction - must have ability to perform skill
Motivation - want and desire
Define discrete serial continuous skills
Discrete- clear beginning and end of a skill - penalty
Serial- number of discrete elements linked together e.g triple jump
Continuous - no clear beginning or end - running
Mental practice
Visualising a skill before performing it for example darts player visualising themselves throwing before actually doing so
Insight learning
Involves the athlete understanding the whole problem before being able to perform a skill correctly using past experiences and understanding situation they are in
Vygotsky social development theory
Learning by association with others e.g knowledgeable others (coaches)
Copying others actions skills can be improved- socialisation
Can do with help
Can do alone
Can’t do yet
