Yr12 Pyschology

Question 1

Phonological loop

Answer 1

Deals with auditory information and helps retain verbal and auditory info

Question 2

Visor-spatial sketchpad

Answer 2

Interprets and deals with visual and spatial information

Question 3

Whittinngs model (information processing) components in order

Answer 3

Receptor systems
Perceptual mechanisms
Selective attention
Effector mechanisms
Muscular system
Output data

Question 4

Perceptual mechanism role

Answer 4

Information brought in from the environment and is analysed

Question 5

Translators mechanisms

Answer 5

Used the information to make a decision on the skill to be performed

Question 6

Effector mechanism

Answer 6

Selected movement chosen is sent to the muscles and performed

Question 7

What is the psychological refractory period

Answer 7

Period of time during which response to a second stimulus is slowed because a first stimulus is still being processed

Question 8

Single channel hypothesis

Answer 8

States that you can only respond to one stimuli at a time

Question 9

Strategies to improve information processing

Answer 9

Variable practice
Game specific training
Optimal arousal

Question 10

High organisation skill

Answer 10

Hard to break down into subroutines e.g cycling

Question 11

Low organisation skills

Answer 11

Skills that are easy to break down into subroutines
E.g long jump

Question 12

Simple reaction time

Answer 12

Time taken to respond to a singular stimulus

Question 13

Choice reaction time

Answer 13

Time taken to react to a stimulus when there are multiple possible stimuli

Question 14

Externally paced skills

Answer 14

Skills controlled by the environment
Returning a serve in tennis

Question 15

Self paced skill

Answer 15

Skills in which the performer determines the time and pace of the skill

Serve in tennis

Question 16

Social learning theory

Answer 16

Explains how humans observe and imitate attitudes,emotions and behaviours of others

Question 17

Operant conditioning

Answer 17

Method of learning that uses rewards and punishments to modify behaviour

Positive reinforcement- strengthen sr bond

Negative reinforcement- strengthen sr bond when it is performed

Punishment - weaken sr bond

Question 18

Operant conditioning pros and cons

Answer 18

Cons- performer doesn’t fully understand their actions without a reward

Pros natural process of learning, easy way to train desired response

Question 19

Observational learning bandura

Answer 19

States that performers learn new skills by observing others

Attention - ability level
Retention- mental picture
Motor reproduction - must have ability to perform skill
Motivation - want and desire

Question 20

Define discrete serial continuous skills

Answer 20

Discrete- clear beginning and end of a skill - penalty

Serial- number of discrete elements linked together e.g triple jump

Continuous - no clear beginning or end - running

Question 21

Mental practice

Answer 21

Visualising a skill before performing it for example darts player visualising themselves throwing before actually doing so

Question 22

Insight learning

Answer 22

Involves the athlete understanding the whole problem before being able to perform a skill correctly using past experiences and understanding situation they are in

Question 23

Vygotsky social development theory

Answer 23

Learning by association with others e.g knowledgeable others (coaches)

Copying others actions skills can be improved- socialisation

Can do with help
Can do alone
Can’t do yet