Yr12 Physiology

Question 1

Myoglobin

Answer 1

Receives oxygen from the red blood cells

Question 2

Minute ventilation

Answer 2

Volume of gas inhaled or exhaled from a persons lungs per minute

Question 3

Cardiac conduction system (in order)

Answer 3

SA node- pacemaker which emits a signal to contract the atria

Atrial systole

Av node- receive signal from sa node and delays response

Bundle of his- seperate signal into left and right

Purkinje fibres- spread signal and cause ventricles to contract (systole) and blood to be pumped out of the Aorta

Question 4

Adduction

Answer 4

Bringing arms back to side e.g cable flys

Question 5

Abduction

Answer 5

Arms away from side e.g lat raise

Question 6

Aerobic system stages

Answer 6

Glycolysis
Kerbs cycle
ETC

Question 7

Glycolysis

Answer 7

Glucose is converted into energy in presence of oxygen

Question 8

OBLA

Answer 8

Marks the point in exercise where concentration of lactate in the blood begins to increase and fatigue occurs

Question 9

Lactate threshold

Answer 9

The accumulation of lactate exceeds the rate in which it can be broken down

Question 10

Cardiovascular drift

Answer 10

Blood increases in viscosity due to increased water being lost through sweating, this decreases venous return decreasing stroke volume and heart rate increasing as a result to compensate

Question 11

Longitudinal axis

Answer 11

Pirouette
Rotation

Question 12

Transverse axis

Answer 12

Shoulder to opposite foot
Cartwheel

Question 13

Transverse axis

Answer 13

One side of body to the other
Somersault

Question 14

Sagital plane

Answer 14

Splits left and right
Flexion extension

Question 15

Transverse plane

Answer 15

Splits top and bottom
Abduction and adduction

Question 16

Frontal plane

Answer 16

Front and back
Abduction and adduction

Question 17

Lactate sampling

Answer 17

Measuring level of lactate in the blood

Extraction of blood using a needle

Question 18

EPOC

Answer 18

volume of oxygen consumed post exercise to return body to pre exercise state

Question 19

Tidal volume

Answer 19

Amount of air that is breathed in and out in one breath at rest

Question 20

Starlings law

Answer 20

Law states the more blood coming back to the heart the stronger the ventricular contraction is leading to higher stroke volume

Question 21

Diastole and systole

Answer 21

Diastole - heart relaxing
Systole - heart contracting

Question 22

Wave summation

Answer 22

Muscle fibres being stimulated before the first stimulus has been completed which results in a stronger muscle contraction

E.g used by gymnasts when building up a big jump

Question 23

Effects of smoking

Answer 23

Carbon monoxide binds to alveoli rather than 02
Nicotine constricts bronchioles

Question 24

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 24

Senses change in muscle tension and is responsible for preventing further muscle activation to prevent excessive contraction and damage

Question 25

Muscle spindles

Answer 25

Detect changes in muscle length and stretch and convey this to CNS crucial in initiating muscle contraction and preventing overstretching

Question 26

SAQ training

Answer 26

Focuses on improving a performers ability to move quickly and efficiently E.g shuttle runs

Question 27

V02 max

Answer 27

Max amount of consumption of oxygen by the body in 1minute Factors affecting this Age Gender Fitness level

Question 28

Acute injuries

Answer 28

Suddenly happen include Fractures Dislocations Strains Sprains

Question 29

Chronic injury

Answer 29

Developed from long term repetitive motion/ west and Tear over time Achilles tendinitis, stress fracture, tennis elbow Stress fracture- tiny cracks in bone

Question 30

Injury prevention: screening

Answer 30

Approach used to identify and address potential risk factors in sport Can give them personalised training programs adjusted to their potential for injury

Question 31

Injury prevention: protective equipment

Answer 31

Protective equipment used to prevent injury in sports where necessary Cricket pads in cricket

Question 32

Injury prevention methods

Answer 32

Screening Protective equipment Warm up

Question 33

Injury rehabilitation methods

Answer 33

Proprioceptive training Strength training Hyperbaric chambers Cryotherapy Hydrotherapy

Question 34

Hydrotherapy

Answer 34

Exercising whilst submerged in water aimed to reduce load on muscle and ease back into exercise to treat: Sprains Strains

Question 35

Hyperbaric chambers

Answer 35

Increasing the amount of oxygen that is being deleivered to tissues and cells Reduced inflammation and swelling of sprains

Question 36

Revovery from exercise methods

Answer 36

Foam rollers Compression garments Ice bath Cryotherapy