Cadiovascular System Flashcards
Impact of physical activity on heart
Prevents clots
Prevent blockages
Healthy 02 supply
Prevents build of plaque (athersma)
Impact of physical activity on high blood pressure
Aerobic exercise can :
Lower systolic pressure
Lower dystolic pressure
Impact of physical activity (HDL)
Good cholesterol- positive anti- oxidant
Protect blood cells
Protects artery walls
Remove LDL
Impact of PA on (LDL)
Decreases cholesterol (LDL)
Reduces inflammation of artery walls (lower calcification)
Reduced chance of heart attacks
Impact of PA (stroke)
Strokes caused by low 02 delivery to brain
Lower blood pressure - lower chance of vessel being burst - leading to strokes
Healthy weight
Maintains strong vessels - lower tendency to burst and 02 delivery to be sustained
Cardiac output
Volume of blood leaving left ventricle per minute
SRxHR
Trained = steeper cardiac gradient
Untrained = shallower cardiac gradient
Why cardiac output is different in trained vs untrained
Trained - hypertrophy
, higher diastolic volume (more blood in the heart at resting)
lower resting heart rate =more flexibility
Heart rate responses
Resting HR
Anticipatory rise - release of adrenaline - stimulates SA node - CCS
Rapid increase- heart trying to increase 02 to working muscles
Steady state exercise - D=S
Steep decline - EPOC
Levelling off occurs - EPOC
Medulla oblongata
Cardiac control centre and is linked to the SA node to control HR
Through two systems
Sympathetic - increase in HR
Parasympathetic- lowers HR
Heart rate control
Neural)Chemoreceptor - more c02 increasing acidity meaning medula will increase HR
Baroreceptors - BP increases - sympathetic and VICE VERSA
Proprioceptors - more movement - increase HR
Adrenaline (hormonal) - release of adrenaline - onto SA node increasing HR
Intrinsic - heart can sense changes itself - temperature and contractivility - more venous return increasing HR
Heart values
Stroke volume - amount of blood leaving the heart
Venous return - amount of blood returning to the heart
Venous return mechanisms
Skeletal muscle pump- blood squeezed up via muscle contractions
Pocket valve- prevent back flow of blood in muscles
Smooth muscle - constrict and pump blood back to heart
Respiratory pump - thoracic cavity pumps outwards when breathing in , pressure changes squeezes blood back to the heart
Blood pressure
Force exerted on the walls of arteries
Factors affecting this
LDL- artheroma- higher blood pressure
Initial exercise
Gase exchange
External - lungs - standard diffusion
Internal - muscles - high PP of 02 in capillary diffuses into muscle
and c02 in muscle HIGH PP
Diffuses into capillary to be carried back into the lungs for the external process
VICE VERSA DURING RECOVERY/rest
Oxygen disassociation (Bohr shift)
The dissociation of 02 from HB into tissue
Stimulated through exercise
Causing
Lower PH
Presence of co2
La
Temprature
This then shifts the curve to the right
CV drift
An increase in HR despite same intensity as stroke volume and HR drift apart
Fluid loss through sweating will increase viscosity lowering SR and HR will increase to compensate
Refuelling
Rehydrate
Temperature
Av02 difference
Arterial - venial
Difference between arterial and venial blood
Greater av02 diff
- greater performance due to more arterial blood
- greater 02 extraction
-02 used for energy
-
How to improve av02
- training - increase in aerobic capacity
- increase temperature- Bohr shift
- effective warm up
Starlings law
Increase in venous return will increase stroke volume as heart stretches and pumps more per beat
Heart issues
Heart attack - caused by blockages
Heart failure - doesn’t pump blood as well
Fats to athletes
Used at low intensities
Too much can cause weight gain
Carbs to athletes
For moderate to high intensity exercises
