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Developmental Psychology > Young Adulthood > Flashcards

Young Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

The top three criteria that mark the transition to adulthood across cultures and nations are characterised by .

conformity

individualism

interdependence

honesty

A

individualism

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2
Q

People from traditional cultures consider as the key transition to adulthood.

independent decision making

marriage

leaving the parents’ house

being able to sustain oneself independently

A

marriage

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3
Q

Skin becomes looser and muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond because .

there is a substantial decrease in iron and vitamin D

there is a decrease in the production of vitamin K

there is a decrease in growth hormones

there is a decrease in calcium

A

there is a decrease in growth hormones

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4
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding physical changes during young adulthood?

Individuals with dark skin show skin ageing earlier than their counterparts with white skin.

The immune system increases its production of T cells and B cells.

The heart muscle starts to become more rigid.

There is an increase in vital capacity.

A

The heart muscle starts to become more rigid.

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5
Q

Vital capacity is the maximum .

amount of air that can be contained in the lungs

number of inhalations per minute of intense exercise

target heart rate

number of times the person’s heart beats per minute

A

amount of air that can be contained in the lungs

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6
Q

Angela is an adult with a BMI of 27. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as .

average weight

underweight

overweight

obese

A

overweight

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7
Q

Angela is an adult with a BMI of 27. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as .

average weight

underweight

overweight

obese

A

overweight

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8
Q

Based on the New Zealand Health Survey, rates of obesity in young adulthood were highest among .

Pacific adults

Māori adults

European adults

Asian adults

A

Pacific adults

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9
Q

Which of the following individuals is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising?

Harrison, who is of high SES and male

Belinda, who is of low SES and female

Ian, who is of low SES and male

Rachel, who is of middle SES and female

A

Belinda, who is of low SES and female

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10
Q

Beyond reducing body fat, exercise has also been shown to .

lower metabolic rate for several hours after exercise

lower rates of schizophrenia and depression

decrease white blood cells

lower the death rate of those who maintain regular exercise in adulthood

A

lower the death rate of those who maintain regular exercise in adulthood

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11
Q

Longitudinal research on Terman’s ‘Termites’ has shown that .

they had higher rates of alcoholism and divorce than a comparison group of individuals with average IQs

they had a great deal of educational and occupational success

women achieved high levels of occupational success, but only a small percentage of the mendid

career success peaked in emerging adulthood, but there was a steep decline in the fourth decade of life as most of the sample experienced a midlife crisis

A

they had a great deal of educational and occupational success

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12
Q

IQ in childhood .

has no relation to later occupational status

correlates positively with later income, but not with other measures of success

is a powerful predictor of income and occupational status in adulthood

has not been studied as a predictor of later adulthood outcomes because that would be considered unethical

A

is a powerful predictor of income and occupational status in adulthood

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12
Q

In both Asian and _______ cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that it includes social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge.

French

Italian

African

Irish

A

African

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is the most accurate about Terman’s research?

Only the Termites who pursued careers in technology had more career success than the comparison group with average IQs.

The price of a high IQ was a high risk of personal problems.

The Termites were less likely to have personal problems such as alcoholism, divorce and mental health issues.

There is a correlation between childhood IQ and adult success, but it is weak.

A

The Termites were less likely to have personal problems such as alcoholism, divorce and mental health issues.

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14
Q

Cross-cultural research on intelligence .

has not been conducted

has shown that the most important qualities across cultures are analytical and verbal skills

has shown that skills that allow individuals to adapt to their environment are considered a type of intelligence

can only be conducted in cultures where individuals can read the questions on IQ tests

A

has shown that skills that allow individuals to adapt to their environment are considered a type of intelligence

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15
Q

For Piaget, the culmination of cognitive maturation is the attainment of _______ at around ages 15–20

A) preoperational

B) formal operation

C) concrete operations

D expertise

A

B

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16
Q

what are two important ways cognitive development changes from emerging adulthood to young adulthood?

A) constructive and prescriptive

B) intelligence and expertise

C) creativity and intelligence

D) expertise and creativity

A

D

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16
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about expertise?

According to most researchers in the field, it takes about 25 years of study and practice in most fields to attain expertise.

The maturity of the frontal cortex reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.

Expertise tends to decline after young adulthood.

Expertise is defined in terms of knowledge base, rather than problem solving, because it is difficult to measure problem-solving skills.

A

The maturity of the frontal cortex reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.

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17
Q

Maturity of reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.

the synapses

the frontal cortex

the occipital lobe

the hippocampus

A

the frontal cortex

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18
Q

A person who is high in is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.

generativity

kinaesthetic intelligence

creativity

intrapersonal intelligence

A

creativity

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19
Q

Which statement about research on creativity is TRUE?

Measures of creativity exist only in the fine arts.

People reach a peak in creativity before attaining expertise in a particular domain and becoming set in their ways.

Across various fields, the peak of creativity is in the 50s and early 60s.

Highly creative people are often creative throughout life.

A

Highly creative people are often creative throughout life.

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20
Q

Which of the following, when combined with expertise, is most likely to contribute to creativity?

Proficiency in computer skills

Proficiency in maths

Tolerance for ambiguity

Exceptional visual–spatial skills

A

Tolerance for ambiguity

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21
Q

In Erik Erikson’s theory of the life span, _______ is the central emotional and psychosocial issue of young adulthood

A) intimacy versus isolation

B) Identity versus role confusion

C) Generativity versus stagnation

D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt

A

A) intimacy versus isolation

22
Q

Erik Erikson’s notion of intimacy is best described as .

when an individual develops the skills necessary for a relationship by modelling it after what he or she has observed from their environment

uniting your newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed, emotionally close relationship

when the ego works in conjunction with the superego to satisfy the desires of the id in a socially acceptable way

a gratifying sexual relationship

A

uniting your newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed, emotionally close relationship

23
Q

Johanna is in her early 30s and just entered a romantic relationship. Accordingly to Erikson, what is the central emotional and psychosocial issue that she might be facing?

Identity versus role confusion

Intimacy versus isolation

Generativity versus stagnation

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

A

Intimacy versus isolation

24
Q

Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until individuals .

had established themselves in their career

were capable of making independent decisions

had a fairly stable sense of identity

possessed formal operational thinking

A

had a fairly stable sense of identity

25
Q

Your friend’s parents have been married for 25 years and have a relationship based on mutual understanding and support. You can tell that they care for each other, but the ‘romance’ seems to be gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing at this time?

Consummate love

Companionate love

Compassionate love

Empty love

A

Companionate love

26
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love includes three components: intimacy, passion and .

compassion

commitment

support

similarity

A

commitment

27
Q

Research examining the importance of various traits in mate selection throughout the world found that the largest cross-cultural division was on the issue of .

chastity

desire for home and children

education and intelligence

mutual attraction—love

A

a

27
Q

Bruce and Brenda are young adults who just got married. Based on the statistics, if they divorce, they are most likely to do so years after marriage.

1–4

5–10

11–14

16–20

A

b

28
Q

Which of the following statements about marriage is TRUE?

People who are unhappily married are still happier than those who are single due to divorce.

People who remain single after age 30 are more likely than their married counterparts to have mental health and physical health problems.

Across countries, the proportion of young adults who have neither married nor had a long-term cohabiting relationship by age 40 is around 50%.

By age 40, European Americans are more likely to have never married than their African American counterparts.

A

b

29
Q

One difference between gay male couples and heterosexual couples is that gay male couples .

have conflict in different areas

tend to have a higher frequency of sexual activity

seek out partners who are similar to themselves in many ways

seek out long-term relationships based on love and mutual respect

A

b

30
Q

Which of the following is the primary reason why many cultures encourage young wedded adults to have sex frequently?

To produce children

To ward off evil spirits

To increase the chances that they will be happily married and stay together

To increase intimacy in the marriage

A

a

31
Q

Which of the following statements about becoming a parent is TRUE?

In most countries, just below 50% of young adults have at least one child.

In all world regions, people in urban areas have fewer children than people in rural areas.

For couples who had a troubled marriage before the child was born, marital satisfaction increases after the baby arrives because it brings them closer together.

Gender roles in developed countries become less traditional following the birth of a child.

A

b

32
Q

Xavier is 23 years old and has recently graduated with his bachelor’s degree in psychology. He is seeking employment and would like to find a job that leads to a promising career. Less than ideal, he applied for a position as an academic advisor at a TAFE, was offered a job and accepted the position. Which stage of Donald Super’s theory of occupational development is Xavier in?

Implementation

Crystallisation

Consolidation

Stabilisation

A

A

32
Q

If Elle is typical of most Western young adults, you would expect that she would spend her leisure time in the evening mostly on .

taking walks and engaging in other low-impact physical activities

communicating with friends via text messaging or social media, such as Facebook

watching television and streamed media

catching up with friends and/or family on the phone

A

C

32
Q

Marriage appears to be a very important markerof the transition to adulthood in .

the West

traditional cultures

all cultures

no cultures

A

b

33
Q

Emerging adults in view being able to support their parents financially as a necessary criterion for adulthood.

the United States

Canada

China

Israel

A

c

34
Q

Which of the following changes occurs in the immune system during young adulthood?

There are no changes in the immune system until late adulthood.

There is a decline in the production of both B and T cells.

The immune system increases its production of both Tand B cells.

There is an increase in T cells and a decline in the production of B cells.

A

b

35
Q

The countries with the highest obesity rates are .

the wealthiest countries

the poorest countries

Asian countries

traditional cultures

A

a

36
Q

Which of the following statements about exercise is TRUE?

Nearly all adults in developed countries engage in regular exercise.

Most adults in developed countries do not exercise regularly.

Across SES groups, women exercise more than men.

Adults at lower SES levels exercise more than adults at higher SES levels.

A

b

37
Q

What happened to Terman’s ‘Termites’ when they became adults?

They had higher rates of divorce.

They suffered from emotional and psychological problems.

They amassed great wealth, but were very unhappy.

As a group, the Termites had a great deal of educational and occupational success.

A

d

38
Q

In both Asian and African cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that .

it is based on educational level

it can only be achieved by those with high SES

it indicates social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge

it is not achieved until you reach late adulthood

A

c

39
Q

Recent research has shown that maturity of which brain structure during young adulthood reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise?

Temporal lobe

Corpus callosum

Frontal cortex

Occipital lobe

A

c

40
Q

How is creativity measured?

It is assessed based on self-reports.

Assessments of creativity have focused on thenumber of works a person produces, or on the timing of a person’s ‘best’ works, as determined by experts in the area or by the works’ influence.

No one has attempted to measure creativity.

A standardised test has been developed that assesses both creativity and IQ.

A

b

41
Q

Erikson thought that was not possible until an individual had a fairly stable personal identity.

marriage

self-esteem

intimacy

trust

A

c

42
Q

ccording to Sternberg, commitment, passion and intimacy combine to form love.

romantic

fatuous

compassionate

consummate

A

d

43
Q

Today, the marriage is the most common in most Eastern cultures.

arranged

semi-arranged

romantic

open

A

b

44
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding divorce rates?

Rates of divorce are higher among Whites than among African Americans.

Rates of divorce are higher among those with university degrees than those without because university graduates devote so much time to their careers.

The United States has one of the highest divorce rates in the world.

Divorce is common and rates are similar across all cultures.

A

The United States has one of the highest divorce rates in the world.

45
Q

Which of the following groups experiences the least overall happiness?

People who are separated

People who are widowed

People in unhappy marriages

People who are single

A

c

45
Q

Which of the following best represents the research on gay and lesbian couples?

Gay and lesbian adults often seek out romantic partners who are opposite from them in many ways.

No differences have been identified between gay and lesbian couples.

Gay and lesbian couples have different sources of conflict in their relationship from heterosexual couples.

Gay and lesbian couples are similar to heterosexual couples in most ways.

A

d

46
Q

One of the findings from the most detailed study of sexual behaviour among young adults in the United States was that .

masturbation continues through the 30s and 40s for most men

women reported more frequent sexual fantasies than their male counterparts

more than half of young adults from the late 20s to early 40s reported more than one sexual partner in the past year

there were no gender differences in the frequency of orgasm

A

a

47
Q

Which of the following is true regarding research on couples after the birth of the first child in developed countries?

Gender roles become more traditional and women are more likely to take an extended period of leave after the birth of a child.

Marital satisfaction declines more for men than women after the birth of a child because men become jealous of the new baby.

For couples who had a troubled marriage before the child was born, marital satisfaction increases after the baby arrives because it brings them closer together.

Marital satisfaction improves for all couples following the birth of the first child.

A

a

48
Q

According to Holland, people are likely to be unhappy if they .

are not able to have a lot of social contacts on the job

spend more time working the ‘second shift’ than in their full-time workplace

do not have a good fit between their personality and their job

make less money than their spouse/romantic partner

A

c

49
Q

Of the following evening leisure activities among Western adults, the most common is .

playing portable electronic devices

using social media on the internet

watching television and streamed media

communicating with friends via text messaging on a mobile phone

A

c

Developmental Psychology (30 decks)

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