Adolescence

Question 1

during middle childhood, the proportion of fat in the body gradually decreases, and once a threshold level is reached, a series of chemical events is triggered beginning in the hypothalamus, what do these events lead to ?

A) increase of synaptic connections in parts of the brain

B) increase of synaptic pruning

C) increase of sex hormones in both males and females

D) increase in myelination

Answer 1

C) increase of sex hormones in both males and females

Question 2

Oestradiol .

A) is produced only in females

B) increases in females by the mid-teens

C) is an androgen important in pubertal development

D) is a sex hormone that is regulated by the amygdala

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

A) Fallopian tubes

B) Ova

C) Breasts

D) Vagina

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In regard to the onset/timing of puberty, who of the following is more at risk for substance use and delinquency?

A) Late-maturing boys

B) On-time maturing boys

C) Early-maturing girls

D) Late-maturing girls

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Tran is an 8-year-old girl who lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one would expect that Tran will experience puberty others did in her family’s history.

A) similar to when

B) younger than

C) slightly older than

D) significantly older than

Answer 5

B

Question 6

In many traditional cultures, young men are required to demonstrate courage, strength and endurance in their coming-of-age rituals because .

A) daily life often requires these capacities

B) it is a way to show off for the young women observing

C) they want to assert their power over women

D) their national law dictates that they must

Answer 6

a

Question 7

secondary sex characteristics are

A) directly related to reproduction

B) bodily changes of puberty not directly related to reproduction

C) once a girl reaches menarche and a boy has spermarche

D) timing of the physical changes of puberty

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Scientists have learned that a sharp increase in synaptic connections occurs around the time puberty begins and this overproduction of synaptic connections occurs in many parts of the brain during adolescence but is especially concentrated in the

A) parietal lobe

B) temporal lobe

C) occipital lobe

D) frontal lobe

Answer 8

D

Question 9

what is the last structure of the brain to stop growing, not completing its phase of overproduction and pruning until the mid 20s

A) hindbrain

B) cerebellum

C) frontal lobe

D) Hippocampus

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is most accurate?

People with bulimia are usually slightly underweight.

Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa.

Over the past decade, anorexia nervosa has become more common in males than in females.

People with bulimia do not view themselves as having a problem and regard their eating patterns as normal.

Answer 10

Bulimia is slightly more common than anorexia nervosa.

Question 11

Vanessa is terrified of becoming fat. Her weight is normal, and most of the time she has normal eating habits, but sometimes she loses control and ‘binges’ on large amounts of food. In an effort to avoid becoming fat, Vanessa makes herself throw up after these binges. Vanessa is exhibiting symptoms of .

bulimia

anorexia nervosa

pica

the secular trend

Answer 11

bulimia

Question 12

In the past 10–15 years, what describes young people’s rates of cigarette smoking?

Increased

Stayed the same

Decreased

Fluctuated

Answer 12

Decreased

Question 13

Which of the following adolescents is LEAST likely to be a heavy drinker?

Cheng, from China

Karl, from Germany

Jon, from New Zealand

Marc, from Canada

Answer 13

Cheng, from China

Question 14

Rather than turning to other coping strategies, such as talking about his problems or even taking a walk to burn off steam, John smokes pot to reduce stress, anxiety or sadness. This pattern of substance use is referred to as .

medicinal substance use

addictive substance use

social substance use

experimental substance use

Answer 14

medicinal substance use

Question 15

Luis was curious about what pot would be like, she had never tried it before and after her one expereince with it, she did not use it again. this pattern of susbtance use is referred to as

medicinal substance use

addictive substance use

social substance use

experimental substance use

Answer 15

experimental substance use

Question 16

According to Piaget (1972), the stage of _____ _____ begins at about age 11 and reaches completion somewhere between ages 15 and 20.

A) formal operations

B) concrete operations

C) sensorimotor stage

D) preoperational stage

Answer 16

A

Question 17

The stage of formal operations involves the development of ____________ , which is the ability to think scientifically and apply the rigor of the scientific method to cognitive tasks.

A) logical thought

B) symbolic thought

C) hypothetical-deductive reasoning

D) object permanence

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Adolescents’ belief in the uniqueness of their personal experiences and their personal destiny is known as the

A) imaginary audience

B) metacognition

C) egocentrism

D) personal fable

Answer 18

D

Question 19

The ______ _____ results from adolescents’ limited capacity to distinguish between their thinking about themselves and their thinking about the thoughts of others.

A) imaginary audience

B) metacognition

C) egocentrism

D) personal fable

Answer 19

A

Question 20

adolescent egocentrism is when adolescents have difficulty distinguishing their thinking about their own thoughts from their thinking about the thoughts of others. according to Elkind, adolescent egocentrism has two aspects

A) personal fable

B) bonding

C) prosocial behaviour

D) imaginary audience

Answer 20

A and D

Question 21

ou recently were watching your nephew, who is 13 years old, try to figure out why his bike’s gears won’t work. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that he used. You remember that just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing; instead, he would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using?

Brainstorming

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Working backwards

Seriation

Answer 21

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Question 22

Which of the following statements is the most accurate based on research on formal operational thinking?

Adolescents who have had courses in the language arts and music are more likely than other adolescents to exhibit formal operational thought.

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely different across different cultures.

Once people obtain formal operational thinking skills, they use them consistently across all tasks and situations.

People tend to use formal operations for problems and situations in which they have less experience and knowledge.

Answer 22

The way that formal operational thinking is manifested is likely different across different cultures.

Question 23

Jace thinks he is a really good driver. He often speeds on long stretches of highway and doesn’t usually slow down on the curves in the road despite what the signs say. He brags to his friends in the car that he can drive fast because he knows what he is doing. He goes on to say that only bad drivers have accidents. His way of thinking demonstrates .

selective attention

the imaginary audience

the personal fable

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Answer 23

the personal fable

Question 24

When learning to weave, boys in the Dioula culture start by watching their fathers weave, and then learn to weave themselves in early adolescence. The boy starts off working on his own to complete a simple pattern and gets help when he makes mistakes. He moves on to more complex patterns and continues to consult with his father for several years until he can weave completely on his own. This is an example of .

scaffolding

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

divided attention

accommodation

Answer 24

scaffolding

Question 25

Dr Rose often uses the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in her research. Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of her work?

Gender differences in academic interests

Changes in emotions between childhood and adolescence

The effects of different lighting conditions on mating behaviour in crayfish

The part-time work experiences of adolescents from different countries.

Answer 25

Changes in emotions between childhood and adolescence

Question 26

Larson and Richards (1994) compared preadolescents to adolescents and found that the percentage of time experienced as ‘very happy’ .

increased slightly

increased dramatically

stayed the same

decreased

Answer 26

decreased

Question 27

When comparing the emotions experienced by American adolescents with those experienced by their parents, researchers found that the adolescents reported feeling more often.

self-conscious

bored

happy

proud

Answer 27

self-conscious

Question 28

Kerry loves and respects her mother; however, her mother works in a job that she hates in the deli at a local supermarket. Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a university degree and have a teaching career. Kerry has a positive outlook on life and has strong self-esteem; her future seems bright. There are many selves described in this scenario. Which of the following best describes Kerry’s trepidation about working in a dissatisfying career?

Real self

False self

Feared self

Realistic self

Answer 28

Feared self

Question 29

Research has shown that during adolescence, _____________ is most strongly related to global self-esteem.

physical appearance

scholastic competence

athletic competence

social acceptance

Answer 29

physical appearance

Question 30

Charlotte is a typical girl in New Zealand. Based on the research, one would expect her self-esteem to be lowest in .

the late primary school years

early adolescence

late adolescence

emerging adulthood

Answer 30

early adolescence

Question 31

Kohlberg (1976) developed a system for classifying moral reasoning into three levels of moral development, if an adolescent moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments. What is right is what avoids punishment or results in rewards, what level are they at?

A) Conventional reasoning.

B) preconventional reasoning

C) Semi Conventional reasoning

D) Postconventional reasoning.

Answer 31

B

Question 32

. According to Kohlberg, what matters is the____ of/part moral reasoning, not the content.

A) structure

B) cultural specific

C) person specific

D) age

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Researchers who use the cultural-developmental approach code people’s responses to moral issues according to three types of ‘ethics’ rooted in different worldviews, what is NOT one of these ethics

A) Ethic of Autonomy

B) Ethic of Honesty

C) Ethic of Community

D) Ethic of Divinity

Answer 33

B

Question 34

Kohlberg’s proposition of a universal theory of moral development has been challenged by Shweder and his student, Jensen, who believe that it is impossible to understand moral development unless you understand an individual’s .

social context

cultural worldview

personality factors

intellectual abilities

Answer 34

cultural worldview

Question 35

Research on Kohlberg’s stages of moral development .

was originally conducted with a large sample of males and females

showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3

is based on the premise that what matters is the content of moral reasoning, not the structure

showed that more than half of participants slipped to a lower level over time

Answer 35

showed that the stages tended to increase with age, but that few proceeded to Level 3

Question 36

Religious faith and practices .

tend to be weaker in the United States

are highest among adolescents in Europe compared to adolescents in other countries

are associated with lower rates of drug use and delinquent behaviour

are as central to the lives of adolescents from divorced families as they are to those from non-divorced families

Answer 36

are associated with lower rates of drug use and delinquent behaviour

Question 37

Adolescents who are more religious .

are more likely to attend university

are less likely to repeat a year at school

report less substance use

have more conflict with their parents because they openly discuss their views

Answer 37

report less substance use

Question 38

Conflict in adolescence .

is most intense between fathers and sons

steadily increases until the end of emerging adulthood

is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to ‘on-time’ adolescents and their parents

is similar in frequency to that observed in traditional cultures

Answer 38

is more frequent between early-maturing adolescents and their parents compared to ‘on-time’ adolescents and their parents

Question 39

Sanjay is part of a small group of friends, also known as a _____________, who eat lunch together at school every day and socialise with each other on the weekends.

clique

crowd

faction

subgroup

Answer 39

clique

Question 40

Menna is an adolescent from a Western culture. When asked about the most important feature of her friendships, she is most likely to mention .

similar interests

similar future goals

sharing personal thoughts and feelings

the popularity of the person

Answer 40

sharing personal thoughts and feelings

Question 41

Niels, 17, is in a sexual relationship with his girlfriend, Henriette. Niels’s parents are well-aware that he and Henriette are having sex, and, like most other parents in his country, not only are they fine with it, but they also have no problem with Henriette spending the night in Niels’s bedroom. Niels and his family are most likely living in a(n) culture.

restrictive

permissive

semi-restrictive

open

Answer 41

permissive

Question 42

Research on adolescents’ media use has found that .

males did not report enjoying the social aspect of gaming

less than half of Australian teens have smartphones

more boys than girls report playing electronic games nearly every day

violent games make people more empathic, as they often identify with the victim

Answer 42

more boys than girls report playing electronic games nearly every day

Question 43

Theo is an adolescent boy who has been in trouble for a number of delinquent acts such as underage drinking, vandalism and trespassing. Researchers who take a biological approach would explain this behaviour as being caused by an immature .

frontal lobe

occipital lobe

hypothalamus

pituitary gland

Answer 43

frontal lobe

Question 44

During high school, Joe was a popular kid who gotinto trouble when hanging around a group of older friends. One time he even climbed through the window of a bottle shop to steal beer when they had run out at a party. Eventually, Joe got a steady job, got married and had children. He mentioned at his reunion that he regretted the poor choices he had made. According to Moffitt,Joe would be considered a(n) .

adolescent-limited delinquent

conduct disorder-persistent delinquent

sporadic delinquent

time-specific delinquent

Answer 44

adolescent-limited delinquent

Question 45

Fifteen-year-old Sadreana has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Her treatment is most likely to include .

systematic desensitisation and aversion therapy

equine therapy and electroconvulsive therapy

psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

psychoanalytic therapy and electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 45

psychotherapy and antidepressant medications

Question 46

Which of the following statements about depression is TRUE?

Over 90% of individuals eventually get a diagnosis of major depressive disorder in adolescence.

Depressed mood includes symptoms such as difficulty sleeping and changes in appetite.

Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence.

Girls tend to use distraction more than boys when faced with the beginning of a depressed mood.

Answer 46

Rates of depressed mood rise notably from middle childhood to adolescence.

Question 47

Which of the following is one of the most important protective factors identified in resilience research, enabling adolescents to overcome the risk factors in their lives?

Being tall and mature looking for their age

Athletic ability

Artistic talent and high scores on measures of creativity

A caring mentor outside the family

Answer 47

A caring mentor outside the family