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Developmental Psychology > Practice exam 4 > Flashcards

Practice exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. If you subscribe to Paul Baltes’ perspective of life span development, which of the
    following statements would you NOT agree with?
    A. Development is lifelong.
    B. Development is unidirectional
    C. Development is multidimensional.
    D. Development is contextual.
A

B

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2
Q
  1. In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s _____, nurture to its ______

A. personality traits; abilities
B. environment; biology
C. biological inheritance; environmental experiences
D. acquired traits; heredity

A

C

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3
Q

If you are conducting research, and you want to correct for the cohort effect in your sample, you might look for:
A. non-normative life events
B. normative history-graded influences
C. normative age-graded influences
D. highly individualised life events

A

B. normative history-graded influences

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4
Q

A researcher is interested in how children in primary school cope with being bullied. Which developmental period might he read up on? (There are two possible answers in this set.)
A. infancy
B. early childhood
C.middle to late childhood
D. adolescence

A

C.middle to late childhood

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5
Q

A researcher is interested in how children of different ages cope with being bullied. Which developmental processes might she be interested in, primarily?
A. biological/physical
B. cognitive
C. chronological
D. socioemotional

A

D. socioemotional

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6
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory emphasises the effects of _______ on an individual’s development.
A. nature
B. nurture
C. continuity
D. stability

A

B. nurture

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7
Q

if one person out of a pair of identical twins has children, and the other does not, the twins have a different:
A. chronological age
B. biological age
C. social age
D. psychological age

A

C. social age

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8
Q

Which of the following statements about DNA and genes is true?
A. Each gene is in charge of manufacturing one protein
B. Genetic expression is affected by the environment.
C. Ova and sperm cells contain 23 paired chromosomes
D. The terms ‘DNA’ and ‘gene’ have the same definition.

A

B. Genetic expression is affected by the environment

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9
Q

When a child develops with a recessive gene, it is because: A. The child is male and the gene is X-linked
B. The child has inherited that allele from both parents
C. Genetic imprinting has silenced one copy of the gene
D. The characteristic is polygenically determined

A

B. The child has inherited that allele from both parents

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10
Q

All of the following are examples of teratogens, except:
A. alcohol
B. folic acid
C. incompatible blood types
D. x-ray radiation

A

B. folic acid

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11
Q

Studying identical twins who were adopted by different families could be particularly valuable when investigating: A. chromosomal abnormalities
B. epigenetic processes
C. in-vitro fertilisation
D. sex-linked genes

A

B. epigenetic processes

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12
Q

All of the following are benefits of prenatal care social services, except:
A. improved academic success for the child
B. lower rates of caesarian births
C. lower rates of low birth weight infants
D. more stable partner relationships for the mother

A

B. lower rates of caesarian births

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12
Q

This test is highly correlated with measures of intelligence in older children:
A. Apgar Scale
B. Bayley Scales of Infant Development
C. Developmental Quotient
D. Fagan Test of Infant Development

A

D. Fagan Test of Infant Development

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13
Q

Many health issues linked to poor nutrition are more common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The following strategy has been recommended to improve infants’ later health:
A. promotion and support of breastfeeding
B. providing individualised nutritional advice
C. Providing nutritional
D. supplements

A

A. promotion and support of breastfeeding

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13
Q

In Piaget’s framework, the complex process of adjusting schemes and creating new schemes is known as:
A. accommodation
B. assimilation
C. equilibration
D. organisation

A

C. equilibration

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14
Q

The following reflex can persist out of infancy and into early childhood:
A. grasping reflex
B. Moro reflex
C. rooting reflex
D. sucking reflex

A

D. sucking reflex

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15
Q

Infants would not be able to remember information for a psychology final because they have not yet developed:
A. habituation
B. dishabituation
C. implicit memory
D. explicit memory

A

D. explicit memory

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16
Q

Overextension is common during the following stage of language development:
A. babbling
B. gestures
C. one-word stage
D. two-word stage

A

C. one-word stage

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17
Q

Most linguists today take the following view of language acquisition:
A. biological view
B. environmental view
C. interactionist view
D. Piagetan view

A

C. interactionist view

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18
Q

You are assessing the temperament of an infant, and the parent reports that the infant has started to soothe herself back to sleep when she wakes at night. In your notes, you write that the infant is starting to develop:
A. effortful control
B. extraversion
C. negative affectivity
D. self-awareness

A

A. effortful control

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19
Q

An infant’s ability to ‘read’ his mother’s emotions is an example of:
A. attachment
B. cooperation
C. joint attention
D. social referencing

A

D. social referencing

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19
Q

An infant who mildly protests when their caregiver leaves the room is showing signs of:
A. insecure avoidant attachment
B. insecure disorganised attachment
C. insecure resistant attachment
D. secure attachment

A

D. secure attachment

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19
Q

All of the following developmental problems are correlated with poverty, except:
A. hyperactivity due to bedtime resistance
B. lower achievement due to high blood lead levels
C. mortality due to malnutrition or poor sanitation
D. poor educational outcomes resulting from malnutrition

A

A. hyperactivity due to bedtime resistance

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19
Q

All of the following are limitations of preoperational thought, except:
A. animism
B. centration
C. conservation
D. egocentrism

A

C. conservation

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20
Q

Which of the following traits is common to both Piaget’s framework and Vygotsky’s framework?
A. conservation
B. constructivism
C. operations
D. scaffolding

A

B. constructivism

21
Q

You are on a voice-only phone call with your four-year-old niece, who attempts to show you her new favourite toy. According to Piaget, she is displaying:
A. animism
B. egocentrism
C. intuitive thought
D. magical beliefs

A

B. egocentrism

22
Q

When a child in preschool uses the incorrect word ‘feeded’ instead of the correct word ‘fed’, the child is actually demonstrating that they are learning:
A. morphology
B. pragmatics
C. semantics
D. syntax

A

A. morphology

23
Q

Parents’ responses to children’s distress has been linked to the child’s ability to:
A. express their own emotions
B. regulate negative emotions
C. regulate positive emotions
D. understand others’ emotions

A

B. regulate negative emotions

23
Q

Play is thought to help children with all of the following, except:
A. advancing creative thought
B. coping with indulgent parenting
C. learning to cope with frustration and conflicts
D. satisfying curiosity and our exploratory drive

A

B. coping with indulgent parenting

23
Q

If a researcher is studying the effects of children’s playground interactions on their perceived gender roles, she is probably working with this theoretical framework:
A. social role theory
B. psychoanalytic theory of gender
C. social cognitive theory of gender
D. gender schema theory

A

C. social cognitive theory of gender

24
Q

Using time out and reasoning to discipline a child is most closely associated with:
A. authoritarian parenting
B. authoritative parenting
C. indulgent parenting
D. neglectful parenting

A

B. authoritative parenting

25
Q

Many children in 21st century families have different experiences to children in the typical family 100 years ago. Which of the following experiences has been shown to lead to poorer childhood development?
A. experiencing one or more divorces in the family
B. growing up in families with fewer siblings
C. growing up with same-sex parents
D. mothers participating in work outside the home

A

A. experiencing one or more divorces in the family

25
Q

Children develop better fine motor skills in middle and late childhood because:
A. the neural pathways in their prefrontal cortex increase
B. the total volume of their brains stabilises
C. their brains experience synaptic pruning
D. their central nervous system has increased myelination

A

D. their central nervous system has increased myelination

25
Q

The current research indicates that the most effective intervention for ADHD may be:
A. Behaviour management alone
B. behaviour management and medication together
C. behaviour management and reading instruction together D. stimulant medication alone

A

B. behaviour management and medication together

26
Q

If you were performing a literature review about children’s processing times, you might focus on articles with the keywords:
A. Binet tests
B. Gardner’s eight frames of mind
C.Sternberg’s triarchic forms
D. Wechsler scales

A

D. Wechsler scales

27
Q

Students at Swinburne Online who develop their _____________ will probably achieve better marks, because they will expend more effort and persist longer at learning tasks. (Choose the best answer.)
A. self-concept
B. self-efficacy
C. self-esteem
D. self-regulation

A

B. self-efficacy

27
Q

Your eight-year-old nephew says the word ‘sheeps’ instead of ‘sheep’ for the plural. You correct him, but he doesn’t seem to understand and continues talking about ‘sheeps’. He probably hasn’t developed:
A. complex syntax
B. metalinguistic awareness
C. understanding of pragmatics
D. a wide vocabulary

A

B. metalinguistic awareness

28
Q

All of the following are examples of bullying, except:
A. locking in a room
B. manipulating friendships
C. misinterpreting behaviour as hostile
D. spreading hurtful rumours

A

C. misinterpreting behaviour as hostile

29
Q

Within the following four categories, a child who displays proficiency in perspective taking, along with a deficiency in moral motivation, is most likely to be a:
A. bully
B. bully-victim
C. prosocial child
D. victim

A

B. bully-victim

30
Q

Critics of standardised performance testing in schools cite all of the following, except:
A. standardised tests focus too heavily on the overall average score, which can lead to the neglect of students who are gifted in one or more areas
B. tests place pressure on teachers to use constructivist approaches, which do not give enough attention to discipline content
C. a single test provides too narrow a view of students’ competence and overall progress
D. tests place pressure on teachers to focus on memorisation rather than thinking

A

B. tests place pressure on teachers to use constructivist approaches, which do not give enough attention to discipline content

31
Q

On average, secondary-school students can process much more information than primary-school students. What biological development contributes to this change?
A. changes in the release of hormones development of the amygdala
B. onset of the first menarche
C. thickening fibres in the corpus callosum

A

C. thickening fibres in the corpus callosum

32
Q

All of the following strategies are effective at reducing teen pregnancy, except:
A. abstinence-only programs
B. programs that emphasise contraceptive knowledge
C. volunteer community service programs
D. whole-school approaches

A

A. abstinence-only programs

32
Q

During adolescence, deaths are usually caused by:
A. anorexia nervosa
B. bulimia nervosa
C. substance use
D. unintentional injuries

A

D. unintentional injuries

32
Q

Consider the list of childhood experiences below. Which one is a good ‘predictor’ of developing of critical thinking skills in adolescence?
A. development of literacy and math skills
B.development of animism
C. development of centration
D. development of egocentrism

A

A. development of literacy and math skills

33
Q

Simon, who is 19 years old, has spent a lot of time considering whether he ‘feels’ more like a Chinese Australian, or an Australian with a Chinese father. But he hasn’t decided yet which one he is. He most likely fits within the following status of identity:
A. identity achievement
B. identity diffusion
C. identity foreclosure
D. identity moratorium

A

D. identity moratorium

34
Q

You have a teenager who, you observe, conforms to his peers’ standards almost all the time. Which characteristic might be behind his conformance?
A. a drive for autonomy
B. a need for intimacy
C. a tendency for extraversion
D. an uncertainty about his social identity

A

D. an uncertainty about his social identity

34
Q

If you are researching the effect of parents, family, peers, schools and culture on an adolescent’s development, whose theories might you want to review?
A. Bandura
B. Bronfenbrenner
C. Skinner
D. Vygotsky

A

B. Bronfenbrenner

34
Q

All of the following are consistently associated with disease prevention and improved mental health in young adults, except:
A. calorie-restricted diets
B. quitting smoking
C. reducing drinking
D. regular exercise

A

A. calorie-restricted diets

34
Q

The most commonly contracted sexually transmitted infection (STI), as measured in the United States in 2010, is: A. AIDS
B. Chlamydia
C. Genital herpes
D. Syphilis

A

B. Chlamydia

35
Q

As an adolescent develops into an adult, some developmentalists argue, polarised ‘black and white’ thinking gives way to:
A. pragmatic thinking
B. realistic thinking
C. reflective thinking
D. relativistic thinking

A

D. relativistic thinking

35
Q

Which of the following factors can affect how a child’s temperament develops and manifests itself in adulthood?
A. caregivers
B. peers
C. schools
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

36
Q

According to Sternberg, which of the following ‘forms’ of love is the strongest?
A. affectionate love
B. consummate love
C. fatuous love
D. infatuation

A

B. consummate love

36
Q

Which of the following disorders common in middle adulthood is characterised by hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance?
A. metabolic syndrome
B. cardiovascular disease
C. atherosclerosis
D. sarcopenia

A

A. metabolic syndrome

37
Q

Which of the following attributes does not decline in middle adulthood?
A. crystallised intelligence
B. inductive reasoning
C.fluid intelligence
D. spatial orientation

A

A. crystallised intelligence

38
Q

What pursuits in middle adulthood can help an individual prepare for retirement in late adulthood?
A. career advances
B. monetary gains
C. leisure activities
D. career changes

A

C. leisure activities

39
Q

Which cognitive skills peak in middle adulthood?
A. inductive reasoning
B. vocabulary
C. all of the above
D. verbal memory

A

C. all of the above

40
Q

The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are:
A. close
B. rivalrous
C. friendly
D. apathetic

A

A. close

41
Q

Which of the following activities can improve longevity, and quality of life in later adulthood? (Pick the best answer.)
A. remaining physically active
B. stimulating intellectual activity
C. vaccination against diseases
D. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

42
Q

Which of these factors might decrease language understanding among older adults?
A. difficulty hearing B.
loss of vocabulary
C. loss of verbal understanding
D. loss of word knowledge

A

A. difficulty hearing

43
Q

Which of the following theories predicts that older adults will spend time with fewer friends (mostly those with whom they have rewarding relationships)?
A. Activity theory
B. Erikson’s theory
C. Selective optimisation with compensation theory
D. Socioemotional selectivity theory

A

D. Socioemotional selectivity theory

44
Q

Which of the following fictional cultures is likeliest to have respect for older adults?
A. The Klingons, who assign older family leaders to a council
B. The Cardassians, who view loyalty to the state as more important than loyalty to family
C. The Romulans, whose society is dominated by an ambitious military
D. The Boleans, who encourage retirees to settle early in special retirement communities. A. The Klingons, who assign older family leaders to a council

A

A. The Klingons, who assign older family leaders to a council

45
Q

When health professionals work together to treat the symptoms of a dying person, and help them die with dignity, it is referred to as:
A. active euthanasia
B. isolation
C.palliative care
D. passive euthanasia

A

C.palliative care

Developmental Psychology (30 decks)

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