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Developmental Psychology > REVIEW > Flashcards

REVIEW Flashcards

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1
Q

what ia the second cause of death in infancy in both developing and developed countries?

A) disease

B) SIDS

C) accidents

D) low birth weight

A

D) low birth weight

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2
Q

Errol’s father carries two recessive genes for sickle-cell anaemia, and Errol’s mother carries two normal dominant genes. Therefore, Errol has inherited from his parents.

anaemia

a resistance to malaria

sickle-cell anaemia

Huntington’s chorea

A

a resistance to malaria

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3
Q

Which of the following is TRUE?

All eggs in the mother contain an X chromosome.

All sperm carry a Y chromosome.

The Y chromosome is larger than the X chromosome.

The X chromosome and Y chromosome carry the same amount of genetic material.

A

All eggs in the mother contain an X chromosome.

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4
Q

The heritability of intelligence _______ from childhood to adulthood.

decreases

increases

stays the same

has not been calculated in this area of research

A

increases

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5
Q

The higher the concordance rate, .

the more similar the two people are

the more different the two people are

the higher the person’s chances of having twins

the higher the person’s quality of life is likely to be

A

the more similar the two people are

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5
Q

Girls normally begin menstruating around age 11–16, towards the lower end of this range under healthy conditions and towards the higher end when nutrition is insufficient. This is an example of .

a high concordance rate

a low concordance rate

epigenesis

heritability

A

epigenesis

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6
Q

In recent decades in Western countries, there has been little change in average height, indicating that the populations of these countries have reached the upper boundary of their _________ for height.

concordance rate

heritability

reaction range

polygenic inheritance

A

reaction range

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7
Q

A toddler from the Hamer tribe in Ethiopia was adopted by an American couple who described themselves as ‘non-athletes’. This tribe was known for being exceptionally tall. Once the girl started school, she asked to play in the after-school basketball program, tried out for the team in high school and eventually went on to earn a scholarship to play at university. This is an example of .

polygenic inheritance

incomplete dominance

a self-fulfilling prophecy

niche picking

A

niche picking

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8
Q

As a result of the process of crossing over .

the risk of sickle-cell anaemia decreases

boys are more likely to be born with a learning disability

the genetic material that originated from the mother and father is rearranged

women are at increased risk of infertility

A

the genetic material that originated from the mother and father is rearranged

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9
Q

what is the leading cause of death for infants 1–12 months of age in developed countries

A) low birth weight

B) SIDS

C) accidents

D) disease

A

B) SIDS

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9
Q

what is the leading cause of death in early childhood in developed countries?

A) low birth weight

B) SIDS

C) accidents

D) disease

A

C) accidents

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10
Q

what is the leading cause of death in early childhood in developing countries?

A) low birth weight

B) SIDS

C) accidents

D) illness and disease

A

D) illness and disease

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11
Q

Accidental injury among young children .

is less of a danger than disease in developing countries

happens at a greater rate in developed countries than in developing countries

is equally common among boys and girls

is extremely rare (less than 5%) because of increased awareness and better technology

A

is less of a danger than disease in developing countries

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12
Q

what is the leading cause of death adolescents?

A) cancer

B) coronary heart disease

C) substance use

D) driving

A

D) driving

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13
Q

what is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide?

A) cancer

B) coronary heart disease

C) substance use

D) driving

A

B) coronary heart disease

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14
Q

what is the leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries

A) maternal stress

B) alcohol

C) malnutrition

D) smoking

A

D) smoking

15
Q

when is death anxiety the highest?

A) emerging adults

B) adolescents

C) middle adulthood

D) late adulthood

A

A) emerging adults

16
Q

Kohlberg (1976) developed a system for classifying moral reasoning, if moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments. What is right is what avoids punishment or results in rewards.

what level is this?

A) Conventional reasoning

B) Preconventional reasoning

C) Postconventional reasoning

D) semiconventional reasoning

A

B) Preconventional reasoning

17
Q

moral reasoning is less egocentric and the person advocates the value of conforming to the moral expectations of others. What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities.

what level is this?

A) Conventional reasoning

B) Preconventional reasoning

C) Postconventional reasoning

D) semiconventional reasoning

A

A) Conventional reasoning

18
Q

Moral reasoning at this level is based on the person’s own independent judgments, rather than on what others view as wrong or right. What is right is derived from the person’s perception of objective, universal principles, rather than being based on the needs of the individual or the standards of the group

what level is this?

A) Conventional reasoning

B) Preconventional reasoning

C) Postconventional reasoning

D) semiconventional reasoning

A

C) Postconventional reasoning

19
Q

moral reasoning that is based on the needs of the individuals is known as _______, while moral reasoning based on the standards of the group is known as ________

A) Conventional reasoning; Preconventional reasoning

B) Preconventional reasoning; Conventional reasoning

C) Postconventional reasoning; Conventional reasoning

D) semiconventional reasoning; Conventional reasoning

A

B) Preconventional reasoning; Conventional reasoning

20
Q

Conflict in adolescence is especially frequent and intense between

A) mothers and daughters

B) fathers and daughters

C) fathers and sons

D) mothers and sons

A

A) mothers and daughters

21
Q

Terrie Moffitt distinguishes between two distinct types of delinquency. Moffitt believes hat these delinquents have problems that originate in neuropsychological deficits that are evident in a difficult temperament in infancy and a high likelihood of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities in childhood; all of these are more common among boys than girls.

A) adolescent-limited delinquent

B) conduct disorder-persistent delinquent

C) sporadic delinquent

D) Life-course-persistent delinquents

A

D) Life-course-persistent delinquents

22
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s term for the immediate environment, the settings where people experience their daily lives.

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

D) microsystem

23
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s term for the network of interconnections between the various microsystems.

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

C) Mesosystem

24
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s term for the societal institutions that have indirect but potentially important influences on development

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

B) Exosystem

25
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s term for the broad system of cultural beliefs and values, and the economic and governmental systems that are built on those beliefs and value

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

A) Macrosystem

26
Q

in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, cultural beliefs and values are based in the religion of Islam, and the economic and governmental systems of those countries are also based on the teachings of Islam. Bronfenbrenner’s term would be

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

A) Macrosystem

27
Q

n most developed countries, beliefs in the value of individual freedom are reflected in a free-market economic system and in governmental systems of representative democracy. Bronfenbrenner’s term would be

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

A) Macrosystem

28
Q

a child who is experiencing abusive treatment from parents may become difficult to handle in relationships with teachers; or, if a parent’s employer demands longer hours in the workplace the parent’s relationship with the child may be affected. Bronfenbrenner’s term would be

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

C) Mesosystem

29
Q

This level encompasses the social context in which a person lives and other aspects of the environment, including government policies, social services, community resources, and mass media.

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

B) Exosystem

30
Q

Important components of this level of Bronfenbrenner’s theory include values, social norms, customs, traditions, ideology, and cultural beliefs

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

A) Macrosystem

31
Q

the interactions between their family and school or between their friends and family.

A) Macrosystem

B) Exosystem

C) Mesosystem

D) microsystem

A

C) Mesosystem

32
Q

During toddlerhood, _________ is a better predictor of later verbal intelligence than ________ is

A) comprehension; telegraphic speech

B) comprehension; production

C) production; comprehension

D) word processing; comprehension

A

B) comprehension; production

33
Q

the most common teratogen in pregnancy worldwide

A) drugs

B) alcohol

C) smoking

D) malnutrition

A

D) malnutrition

Developmental Psychology (30 decks)

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