EARLY CHILDHOOD QUIZ Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the physical changes that take place during early childhood?
Both boys and girls gain more in weight than in height, but most add more muscle than fat.
Physical development occurs at a more rapid pace than it did in the first 3 years.
Girls are slightly taller and heavier than boys.
Cross-cultural comparisons have shown that only genetics plays a role in individual differences in height and weight.
Both boys and girls gain more in weight than in height, but most add more muscle than fat.
The limited memory for personal events and experiences prior to age 5 is probably due to incomplete myelination of the .
reticular formation
corpus callosum
cerebellum
hippocampus
hippocampus
The two most common types of nutritional deficiencies in developing countries are a lack of protein and .
marasmus
kwashiorkor
iron
calcium
iron
How does motor development change between ages 3 and 6?
Children’s fine motor skills become refined, but their gross motor skills remain the same as they were in toddlerhood.
Children’s fine motor skills have been found to develop at the same rate all over the world.
Children develop the same motor skills at the same pace, regardless of gender.
Fine motor skill development allows children to become more independent by doing things such as putting on a coat and using a knife to cut soft food.
Fine motor skill development allows children to become more independent by doing things such as putting on a coat and using a knife to cut soft food.
Which of the following statements about handedness is most accurate?
The prevalence of left-handedness in some African countries is as low as 1% because using the left hand is suppressed.
Children first develop this tendency during the preschool years.
Children who are left-handed are often praised for their uniqueness in non-Western cultures.
There is no genetic component to handedness; it is based purely on one’s environment.
The prevalence of left-handedness in some African countries is as low as 1% because using the left hand is suppressed.
A 5-year-old child draws a yellow sun in the upper corner of her paper complete with a smiley face and sunglasses. This is an example of .
sensorimotor thought
animism
gross motor skill refinement
centred thinking
animism
Which of the following is TRUE regarding theory of mind?
Children show a decrease in this ability from 4 to 6 years of age because they are becoming more independent.
It develops the same way in all cultures with spoken language.
It begins to develop, in rudimentary form, sometime in infancy.
A child who demonstrates theory of mind is not yet able to think about thinking.
It begins to develop, in rudimentary form, sometime in infancy.
Cultural learning skills, such as learning to set the table in a developed country or to help prepare food in a traditional culture, .
develop as part of a social and cultural process, according to Vygotsky
must be learned in the sensorimotor stage first or they never fully develop
cannot be appropriately acquired until early adolescence
usually develop best if they take place in a formal setting
develop as part of a social and cultural process, according to Vygotsky
As a parent of a 3-year-old, you have visited several preschool programs to determine the one that will provide the highest-quality experience. Which of the following should be important in your decision about which preschool to pick, according to research?
The presence of formal lesson plans rather than play materials
Formal classrooms where the teacher sits in front and answers questions
No more than 10 students per teacher
A strong emphasis on rote learning
No more than 10 students per teacher
In Japan, .
learning academic skills is the number one goal of having children attend preschool
preschool is mainly a time for learning social skills
parents and preschool teachers list the same top reasons for young children to attend preschool as their counterparts in the United States do
individuality is stressed from the time children enter preschool as a way to encourage children to reach their full potential
preschool is mainly a time for learning social skills
Young children’s use of grammar .
is entirely dependent on formal instruction in preschool
develops more slowly in traditional cultures
develops simply by hearing and using the language in daily interactions
is mostly incorrect until age 6
develops simply by hearing and using the language in daily interactions
A 4-year-old using infant-directed speech when talking to her neighbour’s new baby demonstrates .
a sensitive period
fast mapping
classification
pragmatics
pragmatics
A key reason emotional outbursts decline in early childhood is that children .
learn strategies for regulating their emotions, in a practice known as effortful control
have a more sophisticated theory of mind at this age
at this age are no longer at risk for externalising problems
have learned the skill of overcontrolling their emotions
learn strategies for regulating their emotions, in a practice known as effortful control
Which of the following statements accurately describes moral development in early childhood?
Children at this age are not yet able to experience empathy.
Socioemotional emotions such as shame and pride first appear.
Perspective taking and being able to understand how others think and feel make children more empathic at this age.
Young children inherently know the rules and expectations of their culture without needing to be taught them.
Perspective taking and being able to understand how others think and feel make children more empathic at this age.
The process by which people seek to maintain consistency between their gender schemas and their behaviour is referred to as .
gender identity
gender constancy
self-socialisation
self-regulation
self-socialisation
