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Developmental Psychology > PRACTICE EXAM 2 > Flashcards

PRACTICE EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Ingrid, age six, loves to make little books by drawing pictures and putting in words to describe
    them. She has formed stable concepts and has started to reason. At the same time, she is egocentric
    and holds what her parents describe as ‘magical beliefs’. Ingrid is in Jean Piaget’s _____ stage of
    development.

A. sensorimotor
B. concrete operational
C. formal operational
D. preoperational

A

D

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2
Q
  1. The principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical
    appearance changes is called:

A. Centration
B. Reversibility
C. Conservation
D. Classification

A

C

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3
Q
  1. A young child might be heard saying, ‘That tree was angry and pushed the leaf off, and the leaf
    fell down.’ The child’s belief that the tree is capable of thoughts and feelings is referred to as _____.
    A. egocentrism
    B. conservation
    C. animism
    D. kineticism
A

C

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4
Q
  1. Although rumours have circulated on the internet that some immunisations may actually cause
    harm to children, for example by triggering autism, scientific studies have found ____.
    A. a link to ADHD
    B. no basis for these claims
    C. a link to boys
    D. a link to girls
A

B

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5
Q
  1. According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterises early childhood is:
    A. initiative versus guilt.
    B. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
    C. industry versus inferiority.
    D. trust versus mistrust.
A

A

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6
Q
  1. In early childhood, moral judgements tend to be rigid and _____.
    A. based less on fear of punishment compared to older children
    B. becomes less complex with age
    C. are not influenced by cultural factors
    D. based more on fear of punishment compared to older children
A

D

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7
Q
  1. Parental __________ is the degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for
    behaviour and require their children to comply with them
    A. responsiveness
    B. demandingness
    C. willingness
    D. permissiveness
A

B

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following outcomes were associated with an authoritative parenting style for
    White middle-class families:
    A. independent, creative, self-assured, socially skilled.
    B. dependent, passive, conforming
    C. irresponsible, conforming, immature
    D. impulsive, behavioural problems, early sex/drugs
A

A

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9
Q
  1. For early childhood, Margaret Mead proposed two terms within her classification of childhood
    social stages, including:
    A. Lap child; Knee Child
    B. Knee child; Yard Child
    C. Lap Child; Yard Child
    D. School Child; Yard Child
A

B

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10
Q
  1. In early childhood, a combination of _______ along with _________ between siblings is common
    worldwide.
    A. conflict; helping and sharing
    B. limited conflict; independence
    C. helping and sharing; limited conflict
    D. conflict; limited helping and sharing
A

A

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11
Q
  1. What condition that interferes with learning to read includes difficulty sounding out letters,
    difficulty learning to spell words and a tendency to misperceive the order of letters in words?
    A. Dyscalculia
    B. Dyslexia
    C. Dysgraphia
    D. Dysfunctional
A

B

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following has been found to be better at improving the behaviour of children with
    attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in most cases?
    A. A combination of stimulant medication and sedatives.
    B. Stimulant medication.
    C. Behavioural therapy.
    D. A combination of stimulant medication and behavioural therapy.
A

D

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13
Q
  1. Today’s estimates suggest that autism spectrum disorders occur in about _____

children.
A. 2.5%
B. 5%
C. 7%
D. 1 in 500

A

A

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14
Q
  1. A child who can speak two languages is considered ____, whereas a child who can speak two or
    more is considered ____.

A. bilingual; multilingual
B. trilingual; polylingual
C. unilingual; quadralingual
D. monolingual; dyslingual

A

A

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15
Q
  1. Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are also capable of _____, which is
    the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension.
    A. centration
    B. seriation
    C. reversibility
    D. classification
A

B

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15
Q
  1. The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasises breaking down words into their
    component sounds.
    A. whole-language
    B. phonics
    C. balanced-instruction
    D. morphological
A

B

15
Q
  1. Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by:

A. identifying the personality type related to children with high and low self-esteem.
B. classifying children’s solutions to difficult moral problems.
C. observing children interact with each other when they were in conflict.
D. interviewing families about how they have taught moral principles to their children

A

B

15
Q
  1. In modern developed countries, children’s gender attitudes and behaviour during middle
    childhood ____.

A. become more stereotyped
B. are heavily influenced by their parents
C. become more rigid and less flexible
D. are very accepting and integrat

A

A

16
Q
  1. What is the term used to describe the situation in which parents provide broad guidelines for
    behaviour, but children themselves provide a substantial amount of independent, selfdirected behaviour?

A. Co-regulation
B. Cohabitation
C. Co-parenting
D. Comorbidity

A

A

17
Q
  1. Based on children’s ratings of who they like or dislike among their peers, researchers have
    described four categories of social status: ____.
    A. socially isolated, hostile, preppy and smart children
    B. sub-average, average, above average and three-deviations-from-the-mean children
    C. popular, rejected, neglected and controversial children
    D. social, accepted, rejected and unpopular
A

C

18
Q
  1. Social comparisons reflect advances in the cognitive ability of ____; they learn to ____ themselves
    more accurately in abilities relative to other children.
    A. a feared self; describe
    B. ethnocentrism; picture
    C. animism; express
    D. seriation; rank
A

D

19
Q
  1. Pubertal changes begin when a threshold of ____.
    A. body fat is reached
    B. a specific age is reached
    C. specific height is reached
    D. after the rites of passage have occurred
A

A

19
Q
  1. According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, the
    _____ stage, begins.
    A. concrete operational
    B. formal operational
    C. postoperational
    D. passive operational
A

B

19
Q
  1. Unlike children, adolescents can engage in a type of problem solving termed _____, which
    involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications, steps that provide ways to test the
    hypothesis.

A. trial-and-error reasoning
B. hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C. concrete operational reasoning
D. speculative reasoning

A

B

20
Q
  1. ‘I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can.’ This reflects the
    tendency of adolescents to engage in:
    A. personal fable.
    B. collective myths.
    C. imaginary audience.
    D. perspective taking.
A

A

21
Q
  1. With respect to pubertal development, the most important oestrogen is ____ and the most
    important androgen is ____.
    A. dopamine; serotonin
    B. oestradiol; testosterone
    C. cortisol; relaxin
    D. thalamus; hypothalamus
A

B

22
Q
  1. Your daughter is 9 years old and you have been talking about the changes that she will soon be
    experiencing. One of the topics that you are discussing is what happens during menstruation and
    what she can expect. You tell her that the first menstrual period has a special name. What is it?

A. Spermarche
B. Menarche
C. Menstrual primacy
D. Ovulation

A

B

23
Q
  1. At what age is the brain approximately 95% of its adult size?
    A. 6 years old
    B. 12 years old
    C. 15 years old
    D. 18 years old
A

A

24
Q
  1. Considerable increase in synaptic connections occurs around the time puberty begins during a
    process neuroscientists call ____.
    A. overproduction
    B. pruning
    C. myelination
    D. synaptic expansion
A

A

25
Q
  1. According to Susman et al. (2007) what type of group includes students who do not stand out in
    any particular way, neither positively nor negatively, and are mostly ignored by other
    students?
    A. Elites
    B. Academics
    C. Deviants
    D. Others
A

D

Developmental Psychology (30 decks)

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