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Developmental Psychology > Emerging Adulthood > Flashcards

Emerging Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

the most distinctive characteristics of emerging adulthood is that it is the age of __________

A) instability

B) identity explorations

C) instability

D) feeling in between

A

B

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2
Q

emerging adulthood is the period of the life span

A) with the least susceptibility to physical illness

B) with the most susceptibility to physical illness

C) more vulnerable to illnesses and diseases

D) have higher rates of death

A

A

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3
Q

Grip strength, cardiac output, maximum oxygen uptake and bone density all peak during what time period?

The early teen years

The 20s

The 30s

The 40s

A

The 20s

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4
Q

Which of the following statements about the health of emerging adults is most accurate?

Most emerging adults experience an increased susceptibility to physical illness due to the increased stressors associated with this developmental period.

Exercise tends to decline from adolescence to emerging adulthood, but overall this is a healthy stage of life.

Emerging adults are at a high risk of getting cancer and heart disease.

The immune system is least effective during emerging adulthood.

A

Exercise tends to decline from adolescence to emerging adulthood, but overall this is a healthy stage of life.

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5
Q

According to research (Brown et al., 2002), university students are more than twice as likely as other adults to report .

taking naps

insomnia

delayed sleep phase syndrome

restless leg syndrome

A

delayed sleep phase syndrome

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6
Q

Which of the following statements best summarises the current research on sleep patterns of emerging adults?

Preference for being a morning person versus a night person changes with age due to increased levels of cortisol.

Students who stayed up all night before exams thought they did worse than their peers who got a full night’s sleep.

The peak of eveningness comes at around ages 20–21.

Research showing delayed sleep phase syndrome and sleep debt is based mostly on emerging adults who work full time, rather than those who attend university, because their lives are so hectic.

A

The peak of eveningness comes at around ages 20–21.

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6
Q

Which of the following statements best summarises the current research on university students’ sleep patterns?

Although they cause a number of ailments, sleep problems are relatively rare among university students.

Preferences for morningness and eveningness change with age.

Although incurring a sleep debt can result in changes in mood, it does not affect cognitive functioning.

Most emerging adults tend towards morningness after their first year of university.

A

Preferences for morningness and eveningness change with age.

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7
Q

Across developed countries, the most serious threat to the lives and health of adolescents and emerging adults comes from

A) driving

B) illness

C) disease

D) smoking

A

A

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8
Q

Because emerging adulthood is the low point of __________ —the restraints on behaviour imposed by social obligations and relationships—individuals are more likely to take certain kinds of risks

A) physical control

B) social control

C) expectations

D) risk taking

A

B

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9
Q

The relationship between unstructured socialising and deviance applies to .

both genders

substance abuse, but not other types of risk behaviour

only those in developed countries

only those from Caucasian backgrounds

A

both genders

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10
Q

Across developed countries, the most serious threat to the lives and health of adolescents and emerging adults comes from .

accidental overdoses

car driving

homicide

suicide

A

car driving

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11
Q

everal interventions have been developed to reduce car injuries and fatalities for young drivers. Which of the following approaches has been shown to be most effective?

Mandatory drivers’ education

Graduated driver licensing programs

Increasing the minimum driving age

Safe-driving pledges

A

Graduated driver licensing programs

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12
Q

Osgood uses the term ______ socialising to include behaviour such as riding around in a car for fun, going to parties, visiting friends informally and going out with friends

A) structured

B) opportunity

C) unstructured

D) deviant

A

C) unstructured

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13
Q

Two of the most notable aspects of post-formal thinking in emerging adulthood concern advances in _______ and _________

A) pragmatism; cognitive maturation

B) pragmatism; metacognition

C) pragmatism; reflective judgment.

D) pragmatism; deductive reasoning

A

C

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14
Q

Two of the most notable aspects of in emerging adulthood concern advances in pragmatism and reflective judgment.

concrete thought

post-formal thought

hypothetical and deductive reasoning

metacognition

A

post-formal thought

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15
Q

According to Labouvie-Vief, how would an adolescent who is in formal operations respond to the following scenario? ‘A man who was a heavy drinker, especially at parties, was warned by his wife that if he came home drunk one more time, she would leave him and take the children. Some time later he went to an office party and came home drunk. What will she do?’

‘Did he apologise and beg her not to leave? Did she really mean it when she said she would leave him?’

‘She said she would leave if he came home drunk once more, he came home drunk, therefore she will leave.’

‘Does she have some place to go?’

‘Does she really want to leave? It was most likely just a threat.’

A

‘She said she would leave if he came home drunk once more, he came home drunk, therefore she will leave.’

16
Q

Bianca, a third-year university student, has developed a type of thinking that would be characterised as relativism. This means that she .

is able to perform mental operations on tangible problems, but lacks abstract thought

is able to understand the laws of relativity

is able to recognise the legitimacy of competing points of view

has metacognitive awareness

A

is able to recognise the legitimacy of competing points of view

17
Q

According to Perry, adolescents tend to engage in : an act is either right or wrong, with no in-between; a statement is either true or false, regardless of the nuances of the situation.

concrete thinking

relative hypothesis testing

dualistic thinking

rigid thinking

A

dualistic thinking

18
Q

According to Perry, reflective judgment .

refers to a type of dualistic thinking

is more common when the educational system promotes tolerance of diverse points of view

is less likely to develop in cultures that value pluralism

is more characteristic of first-year university students than those in their final year because first-year university students are more open to new ideas

A

is more common when the educational system promotes tolerance of diverse points of view

19
Q

what age does reflective judgement begin to develop?

A) 30

B) 40

C) 20

D) 50

A

C

20
Q

cognitive quality that has been found to develop in emerging adulthood, is the capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments

A) metacognition

B) reflective judgement

C) pragmatism

D) dialectical thinking

A

B

21
Q

reflective judgment begins to develop for most people around age 20. First a stage of _________ begins, in which young people come to believe that there are two or more legitimate views of every issue, and that it can be difficult to justify one position as the only true or accurate one. In this stage, people tend to value all points of view equally, even to the extent of asserting that it is impossible to make any judgments about whether one point of view is more valid than another.

A) relativism

B) commitment,

C) multiple thinking

D) pragmatism

A

C

22
Q

According to Perry, multiple thinking develops into ________. Like people in the stage of multiple thinking, these people are now able recognise the legitimacy of competing points of view. However, rather than denying that one view could be more persuasive than another, they attempt to evaluate the merits of competing views.

A) commitment

B) relativism

C) multiple thinking

D) pragmatism

A

B

23
Q

theory of cognitive development proposing that post-formal thinking involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations

A) commitment

B) relativism

C) multiple thinking

D) pragmatism

A

D

24
Q

What happens to self-esteem for most people during emerging adulthood?

It remains at about the same level as it did in adolescence.

It increases for females, but declines slightly for males.

It increases.

It declines gradually until rising again in middle adulthood.

A

It increases.

25
Q

According to Erikson’s theory, .

identity develops in emerging adulthood

failure to establish commitments in the key areas of identity results in role confusion

the search for identity is better described as exploration rather than crisis

adolescents can be classified into one of four identity statuses based on an interview measure

A

failure to establish commitments in the key areas of identity results in role confusion

26
Q

Jacob, an only child, has been pressured by his father to take over the family car business. Reluctantly, Jacob has agreed to this because his father told him that he wanted to be able to pass on the fruits of his labour and Jacob doesn’t think he can earn a better salary doing anything else. He has not explored his options, but has passively accepted the identity his father has imposed on him. According to Marcia’s model, Jacob would be described as .

identity achieved

diffused

foreclosed

in moratorium

A

foreclosed

27
Q

Which of the following ethnic identity statuses is reflected in the idea of the ‘melting pot’?

Biculturalism

Separation

Assimilation

Marginality

A

Assimilation

28
Q

Shakira and Jerome are in an argument over child care. Rather than put their two children in day care, Jerome would like to be a stay-at-home father. Shakira thinks that because Jerome is a man, he will not be able to nurture and care for their two children as well as she would. Shakira is exhibiting concerns rooted in .

gender stereotypes

a separated identity status

prejudice

egocentrism

A

gender stereotypes

29
Q

According to Erikson, exploration and commitment are key to identity formation in adolescence. One influential interpreter of this is Marcia, who classified adolescence into one of four identity statuses which involve a combination of exploration and commitment.

If Joe is in a status of actively trying out different personal, occupational and ideological possibilities, he would be described as

identity achieved

diffused

foreclosed

in moratorium

A

in moratorium

30
Q

If Luis is not making any plans to choose occupations or make any arrangements to explore her possibilities, while also not attempting to sort through potential choices. according to Marcia’s model, Jacob would be described as .

identity achieved

diffused

foreclosed

in moratorium

A

diffused

31
Q

When it comes to friendship in emerging adulthood, .

there is a steady increase in the time spent in leisure activities in the 20s as these friendships become increasingly important

much of their time together is spent in structured activities

intimacy continues to be an important component

both men and women reported that self-disclosure was what promoted the feeling of emotional closeness

A

intimacy continues to be an important component

32
Q

Which of the following best illustrates the process of ‘re-centring’ as defined by Jennifer Tanner?

There is a move from adolescent egocentrism to an inner self-focus during emerging adulthood.

The centre of emotional life is transferred from the original family to a long-term romantic partner.

During infancy, the centre of development is located within an individual’’s genotype, but as time passes, environment plays a larger role.

The centre for physical development is located inthe nucleus of all cells; however, cancer cells infiltrate and modify the nuclei of healthy cells,transferring the location of cellular development.

A

The centre of emotional life is transferred from the original family to a long-term romantic partner.

33
Q

Of all the many uses of the internet, the number one use is .

accessing pornography

using social media sites

online shopping

gambling

A

accessing pornography

34
Q

Which of the following ethnic identity statuses would reflect ‘I don’t really think of myself as an Asian New Zealander, just as a New Zealander.’

Biculturalism

Separation

Assimilation

Marginality

A

Assimilation

35
Q

Which of the following ethnic identity statuses would reflect, ‘I am not part of two cultures. I am just Black.’

Biculturalism

Separation

Assimilation

Marginality

A

Separation

36
Q

Which of the following ethnic identity statuses would reflect, ‘When I’m with my Indian friends, I feel White, and when I’m with my White friends, I feel Indian. I don’t really feel like I belong with either of them.’

Biculturalism

Separation

Assimilation

Marginality

A

Marginality

37
Q

Which of the following ethnic identity statuses would reflect,‘Being both Vietnamese and Australian means having the best of both worlds. You have different strengths you can draw from in different situations.’

Biculturalism

Separation

Assimilation

Marginality

A

Biculturalism

Developmental Psychology (30 decks)

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