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part 2 boards > Xray Physics 2 > Flashcards

Xray Physics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

processing

A

solution temeratures affect the film
too hot= increase density
too cold= decrease density

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2
Q

processing factors

A

developer
rinse
fixer
washing

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3
Q

developer

A

brings out latent image by devleoping the exposed silver halide crystals

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4
Q

rinse

A

removed the exposed silver halide crystals

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5
Q

fixer

A

hardens the image

makes it permanent on the film

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6
Q

washing

A

removes developer and fixer

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7
Q

films always come out too dark?

A

light leak
developer temperature too hot
overexposure

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8
Q

films always too light?

A

developer temperature too low, chemicals need replacing

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9
Q

films brown?

A

inadequate developer
depleted fixer
inadequate wash water

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10
Q

milky films?

A

inadequate fixer

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11
Q

greasy films?

A

insufficient washing

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12
Q

increased fog?

A

old film
hot developer
contaminated chemicals

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13
Q

soft emulsion

A

insufficient fixing

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14
Q

static electricity does what to a film?

A

causes black and branching lightning like lines on film

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15
Q

rectifier

A

changes AC to DC

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16
Q

transformer

A

steps up or steps down the power

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17
Q

transducer

A

one form of energy to another

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18
Q

attenuation:

A

beam of radiation loses energy as it passes through matter

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19
Q

green or blue tint is added to?

A

base of xray film to reduce glare

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20
Q

lateral skull

A

sella turcica
10x12
40”
no tube tilt

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21
Q

PA caldwell projection

A

frontal sinsu
10x12
40”
15 degrees caudal

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22
Q

AP towne’s

A

foramen magnum
10x12
40”
35 degrees caudal

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23
Q

water’s

A

maxillary sinus
8x10
40”
no tube tilt

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24
Q

neutral lateral cervical

A

8x10/10x12
40”
no tube tilt

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25
Q

AP lower cervical

A

8x10
40”
15 cephalic

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26
Q

APOM

A

dens and atlas
8x10
40”
no tube tilt

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27
Q

cervical obliques

A

CLAP
8x10
72”
15 anterior caudal, posterior cephalic

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28
Q

posterior oblique

A

facing tube

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29
Q

anterior obliqeu

A

facing bucky

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30
Q

flexion

A

ADI space, transverse ligament stability
10x12
72”
no tube tilt

31
Q

extension

A

ADI space, transverse ligament stability
10x12
72”
no tube tilt

32
Q

cervical pillar

A 
articular processes and apophyseal joints
8x10
40"
35 cephalic
PA patient position
33
Q

AP thoracic

A

7x17

40”

34
Q

lateral htoracic

A

14x17
40”
no tube tilt
filter lower half of thoracic spine

35
Q

swimmer’s view

A 
cervico-thoracic junction
8x10
40"
5 caudal
patient's arm closest to bucky is raised straight above
36
Q

PA chest

A

14x17
72”
deep breath and hold

37
Q

lateral chest

A

14x17
72”
deep breath and hold

38
Q

apical lordotic

A 
lung apices
14x17
40"
15 cephalic or have patient lean back
deep breath in an hold
39
Q

AP lumbar

A 
14x17
40"
no tube tilt
central ray 1" below top of iliac crests
breathe in, let it all out
40
Q

lateral lumbar

A 
IVFS
1417
40"
no tube tilt
central ray: top of iliac crest at mid-axillary line
breathe in, let it all out
41
Q

L5/S1 spot shot

A 
AKA sacral base tilt
AKA ferguson's projections
8x10
40"
tube tilt 25 cephalic
central ray at level of ASIS
don't breathe don't move 
patient supine
42
Q

lumbar spine obliques

A

motive is pars
10x12
40”
no tube tilt

43
Q

lateral L5/S1 spot shot

A

8x10
40”
no tube tilt
central ray: 2” inferior to iliac crest and 1” posteiror to mid-axillary line

44
Q

AP sacrum

A

8x`10
40”
15 cephalic
central ray 2” superior to pubic symphysis

45
Q

lateral sacrum

A 
8x10
40" 
no tube tilt
central ray at the level of ASIS
3" posterior to midaxillary line
46
Q

AP coccyx

A

8x10
40”
10 caudal
central ray 2” superior to pubic symphysis

47
Q

lateral coccyx

A

8x10
40”
no tube tilt

48
Q

AP angulated SI joints

A

10x12
40”
30 cephalic
central ray midline 1” below ASIS

49
Q

AC joints with and without weights

A

AC joint (bilaterally)
8x10
40”
5 cephalic

50
Q

AP shoulder with external rotation

A

greater tuberosity
10x12
40”

51
Q

AP internal rotation

A

lesser tuberosity
10x12
40”

52
Q

axial clavicle

A

10x12
40”
15 caudal (PA)
15 cephalic (AP)

53
Q

AP elbow

A

10x12
40”
no tube tilt

54
Q

medial (internal oblique elbow)

A

40”
no tube tilt
seated at end of talbe with shoulder, elbow and wrist gainst table and hand supinated

55
Q

lateral elbow

A

40:

no tube tilt

56
Q

PA wrist

A

40”

no tube tilt

57
Q

medial oblique wrist

A

40”

no tube tilt

58
Q

lateral wrist

A

40”

no tube tilt

59
Q

PA ulnar flexion

A

40”

20 cephalic

60
Q

PA hand

A

40”

no tube tilt

61
Q

medial oblique hand

A

40”

no tube tilt

62
Q

lateral hand

A

40”

no tube tilt

63
Q

AP pelvis

A 
14x17
40"
no tube tilt
feet turned in 15 degrees
place top of film 2" above iliac crests
64
Q

frog leg lateral hip

A

10x12
40”
no tube tilt
“figure 4 position”

65
Q

AP knee

A 
8x10
40"
5 cephalic
central ray 1/2" inferior to aptellar apex
foot turned inward 5 degrees
66
Q

lateral kne

A

8x10
40”
5 cephlic

67
Q

tunne projection

A 
AKA homblad
AKA intercondylar fossa
8x19
40"
45 caudal
68
Q

tangential (sunrise) patella

A

patella and patellofemoral joint
no tube tilt
prone with knee of interest flexed maximally

69
Q

AP ankle

A

distal tibia and fibula, ankle joint and talus
no tube tilt
dorsiflexion
foot turned in 5 degrees

70
Q

medial oblique ankle

A

no tube tilt
supine or sitting on the table, leg extended
dorsiflexion
foot turned in 20-30 degrees

71
Q

lateral ankle

A

no tube tilt
lateral recumbent position with lateral aspet of ankel of interest losest to table and ankle in dorsiflexion while opposite leg is out of the way

72
Q

AP dorsophalangeal foot

A

tarsals distal to talus, metatarsals and phalnges
10 cephalic
sitting on talb eiwth plantar surface of foot flat on cassettee

73
Q

medial oblique foot

A

no tube tilt

foot obliqued medially 30 degrees

74
Q

lateral foot

A

no tube tilt

ankle dorsiflexed with opposite leg out of the way

part 2 boards (19 decks)

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