Associated Clinical Sciences 5 Flashcards
pap smear classification
I- normal II-atypical/benign (possible infection/inflammation) III- dysplasia/precancerous IV- in situ/non-invasive carinoma V- malignancy/invasive
first teeth
6-8 months
first food
6 months
crawling
9 months
assisted walking
10-14 months
unassisted walking
12-18 months
talking
10-15 words vocabulary at 18 months
umbilical cord falls off
7-10 days
posterior fontanelle
closes at 3 months
anterior fontanelle
closes at 2 years
depressed fontanelle
dehydration
bulging fontanelle
due to intracranial pressure
possible excessive crying
APGAR score
heart rate (pulse) respiratory rate color (appearance) muscle tone (grimace) reflex activity DOES NOT inlude birthweight
when is the APGAR score taken?
1 and 5 minutes after birth
lanugo
fuzzy hair on baby skin
meconium
first discharge from the intestine of newborn
mongolian spots
bluish, ill defined areas of skin in buttock/scrotal area
premature
infant born between 26 and 37 weeks and weigh less than 2500g
vernix caseosa
white cheesy substance on baby’s skin at birth
aspberger’s
disorder on the autism spectrum
botulism
food poisoning produced by honey, corn syrup and mollases in newborn
caput succedum
baby’s head has unusual shape due to swelling of the scalp, considered benign (cone head)
cradle cap
similar to seborrheic dermatitis in an adult
enuresis
betwetting
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic anemia in fetus or neonate caused by trans-placental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal RBCs
usually from incompatibility between mother and fetal blood groups (mom: B-, baby: B+)
fetal alcohol syndrome
presents with delayed growth, microcephaly, retardation
kwashiorkor
protein malnutrition (ascites)
leukemia
MC cancer in children and in down’s syndrome
marasmus
general malnutrition
miliaria
prickly heat (heat rash)
phenylketonuria
genetic disorder which creastes the enzyme phenylalanine nonfunctional
can lead to mental retardation and seizures
prickly heat
miliaria from sweat glands
prolapsed cord
leads to fetal suffocation
vitamin K
prevents hemorrhage in newborns
rubella
AKA german measles (2 Ls in rubella, 2 words in german measles)
3 day measles
lasts short time with maculopapular rash and mild fever
danger to fetus in 1st trimester because it may result in birth defects
rubeola
has prodromal stage of coryza (runny nose) Koplic spots on the buccal mucosa
lasts 2 weeks and presents with maculopapular rash and high fever
most common serious complication is bronchopneumonia
chicken pox
AKA HHV 3
lesion type: maculopapular rash, vesicular rash
organism: same as herpes virus that produces herpes zoster
mumps
mild disease in children and adults located in the parotid gland that can produce orchitis
croup
childhood disease characterized by a resonant barking cough
laryngeal spasm may have a membrane
pertussis
AKA whooping cough
bordetella pertussis
most dangerous to infants under 1 year and fatalities are due to bronchopneumonia
diptheria
corybacterium diptheria
grey pseudomembrane on the throat
schick test
scarlet fever
group A strep pyogenes
results in desquamation (peeling) of the superficial layer also associated with strawberry tongue
ASO titer
roseola infantum
<2 years of age
HHV-6
rash starts on trunk and goes to extremities
rash comes out when fever breaks
rooting reflex
established by stroking corner of mouth
infant’s mouth will open and turn to the side that was touched; most basic primitive reflex originating from brain stem
sucking reflex
elicited by placing finger or nipple in mouth of newborn
stimulates oxytocin release
tonic neck reflex
doctor rotates head of supine baby and ipsilateral arm and leg exdend while the contralateral arm and leg flex
moro reflex
AKA startling reflex
arms and legs flare out to the side in response to loud sound and are then brought back into body
sensory interations
landau refle
infant should attempt to raise the head and arch the back when placed in a prone position
perez relfex
while running a finger down the psine of the prone infant the whole body will extend
causes baby to pee
gallant reflex
while running a finger down the ipsilateral paraspinal muscles the baby will contract to that side
DJD
MC geriatric neuromuscular complaint
arcus senilis
greyish opaque ring around cornea
presbyopia
loss of elasticity of lens
hardening of lens
cannot focus on close objects
presbycussis
inability to hear high frequencies
diabetes mellitus
most common endocrine malfunction on the elderly
iron deficiency anemia
most common anemia in geriatrics
decubitus ulcer
bed sore that requires protein for healing
most common over sacrum
hip fracture
most common fractured bone in elderly
trochanteric (extracapsular)
alzheimer’s
most common type of dementia among older people, in which thought, memory, and language are impaired
macular degeneration
most common visual problem in elderly causing blindness
ageism
discriminatory treatment of the elderly
