Principles 6

Question 1

case series

Answer 1

written report on details of a series of related cases

Question 2

case study

Answer 2

written report on details of a single case

Question 3

clnical research

Answer 3

research that addresses issues directly related to patient care

Question 4

clinical trial

Answer 4

prospective longitudinal experiment designed to assess the comparative effeicacy or effectiveness of a treatmetn, often labeled a randomized clinical trial if andom assignments of subjects is made to each of the comparison treatment groups

Question 5

cohort

Answer 5

a defined group of people observed over a period of time

Question 6

control group

Answer 6

a comparison group assignment in a clinical trial that receives no treatment, a placebo treatment, or an alternative treatment

Question 7

cross sectional studies

Answer 7

measurements taken at one momen in time (ex: survey)

Question 8

double blind study

Answer 8

experiment which patients and either doctors or outcome assessors areblinded

Question 9

freuqency

Answer 9

general or statistical expression of how ofen a condition or diease occurs

Question 10

gold standard

Answer 10

measure of agreed upon accuracy and validity

Question 11

incidence

Answer 11

porportion of a clearly defined group, initially free of a condition, that develops it over a period of time

Question 12

interobserver reliability

Answer 12

consistency of measured results between different practitioners evaluating the same thing
(you do test, get answer, someone else does test, get same answer)

Question 13

intraobserver reliability

Answer 13

consistence in which one practitioner can consistently arrive at the same result
(you do test, get answer, you do test, get same answer)

Question 14

observational sutdy

Answer 14

study inwhich researcher observes events as they occur naturally or in the course of normal practice, wintout attempting to influence them

Question 15

prevalence

Answer 15

proprotion of population having a particular condtion or out come at a given moment

Question 16

prospective study

Answer 16

follows over time a group sf similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome

Question 17

rnadomized conrol

Answer 17

prospectie longitudinal study in which patients are divided into 2 or more groups on a randomized basis

Question 18

reliability

Answer 18

consistency of a measurement hwen repeated

Question 19

retrospective study

Answer 19

historic cohort sutdy, gnerally means to take a look bakc at events that already have taken place

Question 20

sensitivity

Answer 20

proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in patietns without a specific diagnosis

Question 21

single blind sutdy

Answer 21

study in which the patients are blinded as to whether they are in the experimental group or comparison group

Question 22

specificity

Answer 22

proportion of times a diganostic procedure is correct in a patient iwhtout a speciic diagnosis

Question 23

validity

Answer 23

degree to which an observation or measurement provides an indication of the true state of the phenomena being measured

Question 24

afferent a alpha fibers

Answer 24

Ia

Ib

Question 25

Ia fibers

Answer 25

primary muscle spindle

Question 26

Ib

Answer 26

golgi tendon organs

Question 27

afferent A beta fibers

Answer 27

II

secondary muscle spindles, skin mechanoreceptors

Question 28

afferent A delta fibers

Answer 28

III

skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, and nociceptors

Question 29

afferent C fibers

Answer 29

IV

skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors and nociceptors

Question 30

sensory fiber types

Answer 30

A alpha
A beta
A delta
C

Question 31

motor fiber types

Answer 31

A alpha
a gamma
B
C

Question 32

A alpha motor fibers

Answer 32

extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers

Question 33

A gamma motor fibers

Answer 33

intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 34

B motor fibers

Answer 34

preganglionic autonomic fibers

Question 35

C motor fibers

Answer 35

postganglionic autonomic fibers