Principles 6 Flashcards
case series
written report on details of a series of related cases
case study
written report on details of a single case
clnical research
research that addresses issues directly related to patient care
clinical trial
prospective longitudinal experiment designed to assess the comparative effeicacy or effectiveness of a treatmetn, often labeled a randomized clinical trial if andom assignments of subjects is made to each of the comparison treatment groups
cohort
a defined group of people observed over a period of time
control group
a comparison group assignment in a clinical trial that receives no treatment, a placebo treatment, or an alternative treatment
cross sectional studies
measurements taken at one momen in time (ex: survey)
double blind study
experiment which patients and either doctors or outcome assessors areblinded
freuqency
general or statistical expression of how ofen a condition or diease occurs
gold standard
measure of agreed upon accuracy and validity
incidence
porportion of a clearly defined group, initially free of a condition, that develops it over a period of time
interobserver reliability
consistency of measured results between different practitioners evaluating the same thing
(you do test, get answer, someone else does test, get same answer)
intraobserver reliability
consistence in which one practitioner can consistently arrive at the same result
(you do test, get answer, you do test, get same answer)
observational sutdy
study inwhich researcher observes events as they occur naturally or in the course of normal practice, wintout attempting to influence them
prevalence
proprotion of population having a particular condtion or out come at a given moment
prospective study
follows over time a group sf similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome
rnadomized conrol
prospectie longitudinal study in which patients are divided into 2 or more groups on a randomized basis
reliability
consistency of a measurement hwen repeated
retrospective study
historic cohort sutdy, gnerally means to take a look bakc at events that already have taken place
sensitivity
proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in patietns without a specific diagnosis
single blind sutdy
study in which the patients are blinded as to whether they are in the experimental group or comparison group
specificity
proportion of times a diganostic procedure is correct in a patient iwhtout a speciic diagnosis
validity
degree to which an observation or measurement provides an indication of the true state of the phenomena being measured
afferent a alpha fibers
Ia
Ib
Ia fibers
primary muscle spindle
Ib
golgi tendon organs
afferent A beta fibers
II
secondary muscle spindles, skin mechanoreceptors
afferent A delta fibers
III
skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors, and nociceptors
afferent C fibers
IV
skin mechanoreceptors, thermal receptors and nociceptors
sensory fiber types
A alpha
A beta
A delta
C
motor fiber types
A alpha
a gamma
B
C
A alpha motor fibers
extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers
A gamma motor fibers
intrafusal muscle fibers
B motor fibers
preganglionic autonomic fibers
C motor fibers
postganglionic autonomic fibers
