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Part 2 boards > Practices 4 > Flashcards

Practices 4 Flashcards

1
Q

centers for disease control and prevention

A

primary federal agency for conducting and supporting public health acitvities in the US, health promotion and prevention

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2
Q

food and drug administration

A

a division of the US department of health and human services that assures the safety of foods and cosmetics, and the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products and medical devices

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3
Q

centers for medicare and medicaid services

A

provides programs for the elderly, some disabilities and poor americans

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4
Q

health resources and services administration

A

provides health resources to underserved perosns and builds healthcare workforce

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5
Q

administration on aging

A

carries out provisions of the older american act of 1965

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6
Q

administration for children and families

A

responsible for programs for needy children and families

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7
Q

acency for healthcare research and quality

A

federal agency for research on health care quality, costs, outcomes, and safety

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8
Q

agency for toxic substances and disease registry

A

prevents harmful exposure and diseases related to toxic substances

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9
Q

substance abuse and mental health services administration

A

prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders

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10
Q

national institutes of health

A

primary federal agency for conducitng and supporting medical research

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11
Q

USDA

A

US department of agriculture, leadership on food, agriculture, natural resouces, etc
governs meat products

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12
Q

incidence

A

number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease within a specified population during a specific time period

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13
Q

prevalence

A

a masure of the burden of a health condition in a population. it is the number of persons in a population who have a given disease or attribute at a particular point in time, over a specified time or a specified period of time or over a life time
total # of cases

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14
Q

endemic

A

consistently transmitted disease within a population

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15
Q

sporadic

A

wien only a few scattered cases occur

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16
Q

epidemic

A

an outbreak of a disease in a population that gives rise fo a higher than expected number of cases

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17
Q

pandemic

A

an epidemic occuring on more than one continent

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18
Q

index case

A

the first case of disease in a given area or population

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19
Q

morbidity

A

a deasesd condition or state; sickenss, indicence of disease within a population

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20
Q

mortality

A

death

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21
Q

attack rate

A

measure of infectivity; the proportion of those exposed that develop infection

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22
Q

outbreak

A

rapid emerbence of a disease in a specific population or geographic area

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23
Q

nosocomial infection

A

acquired by patients or staff in health care facilities

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24
Q

exogenous

A

acquired from health care environment, such as air conditioners or bed rails

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25
Q

endogenous

A

derived from normal microbiota that become opportunistic while the patient is in the health care setting

26
Q

iatrogenic

A

health care induced injury, disease, or condition

27
Q

idiopathic

A

an injury, disease or condition for which the cause is not determinable

28
Q

healthy people 2010 goals

A

increase quality and years of healthy life

eliminate health disparities

29
Q

10 great public health achievements in the US

A 
idenfitying tobacco as a health hazard
declines in deaths from heart disease and stroke
family planning
fluoridation of drinking water
healthier mothers and babies
immunizations
motor vehicle safety
control of infectious diseases
safer and healthier foods 
workplace safety
30
Q

health belief model

A 
perceived susceptibility
perceived severity
perceived benefits
perceived barriers
cues to action
self-efficacy
31
Q

perceived susceptibility

A

person must recognize that they may be susceptible to disease

32
Q

perceived severity

A

whether the perosn deems the condition to be severe enough to take action

33
Q

perceived benefits

A

what the person would likely gain from taking the preventative health action

34
Q

perceived barriers

A

obstacles that may discourage the person from taking action

35
Q

cues to action

A

enticements that may prompt the person to take action

36
Q

self-efficacy

A

the level of confidence the person has that they can carry out the health action

37
Q

health services research

A

investigates the relationship among the need, demand, supply, use and outcome of health services
involves various branches of science, including epidemiology, economics and sociology

38
Q

ecological model of health promotion

A

a comprehensive model is used in health promotion that is aimed more at a macro (population) level. it has contructs that take into consideration the micro issues of the person as well as macro issues of the communitye

39
Q

outcomes research

A

subfield health services research that focuses primarily on patient-oriented outcomes such as physical and psychosocial function, disability, mortality, return to work, overal quality of life and satisfaction with care.
cost, use and complications of health care may also be considered in outcome research

40
Q

primary care

A

office setting based

emphasizes preventions, health promotion, and health maitenance

41
Q

secondary care

A

hospital/specialized medical care center

hospital bed ridden for at least a portion of the day (routine surgeries)

42
Q

tertiary care

A

hospital setting-based

more advanced techniques

43
Q

primary prevention

A

literally prevention of the initial onset of injury or illnesss

44
Q

secondary prevention

A

early detection and diagnosis and prompt intervention

45
Q

tertiary prevention

A

rehabilitation

46
Q

6 pollutants as criteria pollutants

A 
particulate matter
ground level ozone
carbon monoxide
sulfer dioxide
nitrogen oxides
lead
47
Q

what is the main component of smog?

A

ground-level ozone

48
Q

how is ground level ozone formed?

A

when two types of pollutants (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxide) react in presence of sunlight

49
Q

what are the main pollutants of acid rain?

A

sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides

50
Q

chlorine is routinely used for what?

A

rendering drinking water free from microbial contaminants

51
Q

greenhouse effect is mostly due to?

A

carbon dioxide

52
Q

water purification process

A 
filtration
flocculation
sedimentation
sand filtration
sludge digestion
aeration
chlorination
53
Q

filtration

A

filters big stuff with screens

54
Q

flocculation

A

aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) added. precipitant, clumps,

55
Q

sedimentation

A

precipitate falls

56
Q

sand filtration

A

removes anaerobic bacteria

57
Q

sludge digestion

A

add anaerobic bacteria

58
Q

aeration

A

adds oxygen to water to improve color and taste
kills remaining anaerobic bacterial decreased biological oxygen demand, BOD relates to amount of dissolved organic material

59
Q

chlorination

A

kills remaining bacteria

60
Q

possible fluorination

A

not a part of the purification process

Part 2 boards (19 decks)

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