WWII on the Homefront Flashcards
Wo used capatilism and wealth to sell the war effort to the Amercian people?
Secretary of Treasury Henry Morgen
What was the increase in AA pop in Seatle?
4,000-40,000
OMW?
necessity of incresed production required govt interaction with and directin of industrial production
How many JA served in the military and on what team?
18,000
442 combat team
What was the first solution for paying the war?
Money was borrowed
What happened when racial tensions developed in the country?
Race riots took plae
Detroit had the largest killing 25 blacks and 9 whites in 1943
What was the US case to stop internment camps?
Korematsu v US
While war expanded oppurtunities for most, what were blacks expected to do?
fill service roles in the war effort
What was Hitler’s final solution?
6 milion Jews dead
Several mill other holocaust victims
How much did Congress each surviving internee in 1988?
$20,000
How many NA served in the armed forces?
25,000
What were women still responsible for?
traditional chores
Who depended on Bracerolaboreres?
farmers
What was the cost of WWII per day?
$250 mill
By the millions, American citizens supported the war effort by doing what?
rationing their concumption of vital goods
new spending habits, pocket books, women baseball, new music, movies
AAlthough rtioning and conservatoin helped, how did the govt need to get millions from?
borrowing
What were volunteer activites?
air raid wardens
collection drives were organized to recycle many different goods
children served as tin can colonels or uncle sam’s scrappers
Zoot Suit Riots (1943)?
Several thousand off duty Mexican American soldiers and sailors joined by hundred white civilians rampaged through downtown Los Angeles assulting Hispanics, blacks, and Filipino
How did many show their support for the war?
Buying war bonds
Office of Censorship?
designed to promote patrotism and influene public opinion
eamined letters going overseas
causualty figures from pearl harbor were not initially reported
photos of american war dead prohibited for a while
Later the media was encouraged to publicize accounts of Japanese autrocities vs US
What was Executive Order 9066?
110,000 JA were relocated into internment camps
2/3 were US citizens
Most camps were in the remote parts of the west
What did the Revenue Act show the growth of?
govt power in war time
How did the automobile industry mobilize?
Chrysler:tanks (50,000 tanks)
Ford: Jeeps and planes (288,000 jeeps and one plane was created in 63 minutes)
What happened to wages for all workers?
at least doubed during the war
What was the OPA slogan?
Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without
Rosie the Riveter?1
Iconic image of woman dressed in overalls who became the symbol women in the male workforce launched by the govt
What were some jobs that women had?
shipbuilders
welders
airplane manufacturer
What was the Bracero program?
Increased employment for Mexican Americans farm workers
What was the Supreme Court case that got rid of internment camps?
Korematsu v US
What was the divorces in 1940 and 1944?
16 divorces/ 100 marriges
27 divorces/100 marriges
What was the US debt in 1945?
247 bill
half came from citizens
What happened in regard to children?
Highschool enrollment dropped
juvenille deliquency increased
John Keynes?
deficit spending
war bonds, bank loans, private investors
What were many new women workers?
married
Office of Price Administration?
OPA
in charge of rationing and was empowere to establish price controls to counteract the war time inflation
Who were used as Code Talkers?
Navajo
What did FDR do with Randolph’s march?
Set up Fair Employment Practices Commisson to halt inequality
How many people were in the armed forces in 1941 and 1945?
1.6 million
15 mill men and 350,000 women
What happened to marragies, divorce, and birthrate?
increased
What was the Revenue Act?
Instituted witholding taxes
Tax rates for all was increased
The national govt generated 20 times the tax revenue in 1945 than it had in 1940
War Productions Board?
WBA
produced more military goods than Germany, Italy, Japan combined
Conversio of economy from civilian to military suplies
To foster industrial production, who realized tha industry must be allowed to make a profit on the production of war material?
Secretary of War Henry Stimson
What did the Revenue Act do?
increased the numer of Americans paying taxes
OPA?
limitation on consumer goods became necessary as production was geared toward military needs
How was unemployment?
very low
What did the Wildcat strikes influence?
Smith Connally Act
limited strikes
Where did many NA leave to work at defense plants?
reservations
While fighting for democracy overseas, many black activists advocated what?
increased democracy and racial equality at home
Double V campain
Why did some AA leave the south?
hoped to leave discrimination and Jim Crow laws
What expectations were women put on?
wives
mothers
sex objects
What is Executive ORder 8802?
Prohibited race discrimination in the defense industry
How many blacks left the south to go to the north for war industries?
700,000
What did the average wages increase to each year?
$457 to $1976
War production caused employment oppurtunities to expand. What did this end?
GD
Who issued a formal apolgy to internment victims in 1982?
Govt Comission
How many tanks did the Michigan plant m;ake?
22,000
Germany had 25,000 total
American Civil Labor Union?
Tries to get the liberties back from the 9066
Tries to get liberties back when they are infringed on
What put question to American values?
internment of Japanese
challenges to civil liberties
debtes over race and segregation
the decision to drop the A bomb
Between 1941-1945, how many women joined the workforce?
over 6 mill
What did the Opa create?
rationbooks
each family had one
items that were rationed were: sugar, cheese, coffee, rubber, gasoline
National speed limit was 35 mph
What program did the US negotiate in 1942 for Hispanics?
Braceroprogram
What were Wildcat Strikes?
protest low pay and shortage of vital goods for domestic economy
What was teh second solution for paying the wa?
Revenue Act 1942
Who ran the WBA?
Don Nelson
former head of Sears and Roebuck
What ended the GD and helped minorities and women improve their social positions?
Mass mobilization of American society to supply troops for the war efforts and have a workforce on the homefront
Congress of Racial Equality (1942)?
Created Civil Rights Organization during WWII that comitted itself to using nonviolent techniues to end racial segregation
How many AA served in teh armed forces in segregated units?
million
Following the attacks of Pearl Harbor, who did many americans blame?
JA
A Philip Randolf?
Blck leader who organized a march on DC in 1941 to pressure FDR to issue an executive order to ban discrimination industries
Executive Order 8802
What was the increase in AA pop in Detroit?
Increased by 50,000
Why were workers getting little while industrilists were getting rich?
price nd wage fixing of OPA
What happened to the states?
Industry states grew as agri states population decreased
How did the US contribute to WWII?
victories over fascism
new opurtunities for women and minorities
What was the US debt in 1941?
48 bill
Japanese American Internment (1942)?
Executive Order 9066
FDR autoritzed the removal of enemy aliends from miitary areas
Over 110,000 JA living in western US were moved to nternment camps, except Hawaii
