APUSH 3.2 Flashcards
In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of goverment, as well as other new religious, economic, and cultural idea, challenged what?
Traditional imperial systems across the world
During the 18th century, new ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and goverence and ultimately inspired what?
Experiments with new government structures
Protestant Evangelical religious fervor (1st Great Awakening) helped promote what?
New American Idenity
What was the effect of the new American idenity?
Less of a focus on Anglican church (10,000 colonists converted)
Appealed to women and younger sons (those who were not given as much land as first born son)
New Lights challenged Old Lights
What did Enlightenment inspire American political thinkers to emphasize on?
Individual talent over hereditary privilege
Simular to the Great Awakening, what else challenged traditional authoirty?
Enlightenment
Who was an Enlightenment thinker that advocated legal and political equality for all, as well as the end of special privilages for elites?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
After the Revolutionary War, what was outlawed in many states?
primogeniture
Who inherits most, if not all, of property?
Eldest son
Colonial legislatures allowed for significant amounts of what?
self government (which most colonists held dear)
What result from Britain taxing more to colonists?
Colonists resisted the acts
Colonists were okay with _ _ taxes, not _ taxes.
Colonial legislature; Parliment
Were colonial legislatures elected by colonists?
Yes
Was Parliment elected by colonists?
no
What was Thomas Paines Common Sense?
Challenged KG3
it was common sense to break from the corrupt monarch
Little island couldnt rule large continent
What was the Declaration of Independence?
Inspired by Enlightenment ideas (Locke, Paine)
All men had the natural rights of Life Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness
What were the Articles of Confederation and State Constitutions?
Feared strong centralized goverment (Britain)
Articles and state Constitutions had strong legislature branches
Property requirements for voting and citizenship - fear the masses
After experiencing the limitations of the Articles of Confederation, America political leaders wrote a new Constitution based on what?
Principles of feudalism
Seperation of powers
crafted Bill of Rights
continued debating about the proper balance between liberty and order
What was the challenge of trade under the Articles?
each state could place tariffs on goods from otehr states - discouraged trade between states
What was teh challenge of finances under the Articles?
Each state could coin its own money, differing values, high inflaction in some states, also discouraged trade (some states had debt from Rev war; Fedural goverment couldnt require taxes)
What were the challenges under the Articles?
Trade
Finances
Foreign relations
Internal unrest
What was teh challege of Foreign relations under the articles?
Britain refused commerical treaties with US
Congress could not control commerce (Sanctions against Britain)
Spain- cut off access to Mississippi river
Both countries supplied indians with weapons
What was the challenges of internal unrest under the articles?
Shay’s Rebellion: MA farmers demanded debt relief, attacked court houses
The challenges under the Articles helped many Americans realize stronger _ _ was needed.
Central government
What were the 2 Compromises at the Constitutional convention?
Great Compromise (Conneticut Compromise) and 3/5 Compromise
What was the Great/Conneticut compromise?
Roger Sherman
Combined VA plan (large states) and NJ plan (small states)
Created bicameral system
A census would be taken every 10 years to determine population
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
For the purpose of representation, 3/5 slaves woud count as 1 person in South
Both Great and 3/5 Compromse settled issues of what?
Representation
What was there a limit on under the constitiution?
Federal power
What is the division of power between state and federal goverment?
Federalism
What did Federalism do?
Gave Specific powers for both the federal and state governments
Why was the constitution finally radified?
Federalists (those who favored the constitiution) promised to add Bill of Rights that protected liberties
What as added shortly after the constitution was ratified?
first 10 admendments
Political parties emerged over what issues?
Relationship between national goverment and states
Economic policy
Foreign affairs
What happened within relatonships between national governments and states?
Federalists favored stronger national governments
Democrates/Republicans favored a smaller government
VA and KY Resolutions
What are the VA and KY resolutions?
belief that states could nulify federal laws
What happened within economic policies?
Hamilton’s Financial Plan (Federalists) would strengthen the federal goverment
The creation of the BUS wasnt mentioned in Constitution
Hamilton argues Necessary and Proper or elsastic clauses
What happened within forein affairs?
Federalists favored Britain (trade)
Democratic and Repulicans favored France (saw French Rev as an extension to American Rev)
While the new government continued to limit rights of some groups, ideas promoting _ _ and _ _ reverberated around the world.
Self goverment; personal liberty
What was the push for equality after the Revolutionary Wr?
Some individuals called for abolition of slavery
Increased calls for greater political democracy
What was teh impact of some individuals calling for abolition of slavery?
Pennsylvania’s Gradual Abolition Law (1780)
All children born in PA would be free regardless of the parents
Prohibited importation of slaves into PA
Model for other northern states to follow
What was the impact of increased calls for greater political democracy?
Abigal Adams (Remember the Ladies) Judith Sargent Murrey advocated education for females
Did the Constitutional framers create a solution to slavery?
No they postponed it
Since slavery was allowed in the Constitution, what did it lead to?
Conflicts in 19th century
Civil War
What was the influence of the American Revolution and Declaration of Independence?
Inspired Revolutions across the world
- French Revolution in 1789
- Haiti (Toussint L’ Ouverture helped Haiti gain independence in 1804)
- Latin America (many Spanish colonies gained independence in the early 19th century)
What was the Republican Motherhood?
Women were expected to instil republican values in children and families
Increased educational oppurtunities in women
Who were the federalist’s against?
anti-federalists
What was written to advocate the radification of the constitution?
Federalist papers
What was established by Washington and Adams?
Institutions and precedents
What was created by Washington and Adams under institutions and precedents?
2nd term tradition (until 22 amendments by Washington)
creation of cabinet
creation of the Bank of US (BUS) Alexander Hamilton
What was the national idenity seen through art?
Gilbert Stuart - painted portriats of the first 6 presidents
What was the national idenity seen through literature?
Focused on freedom and defining the goverment (Jefferson’s Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom)
What was the national idenity seen through architecture?
Jefferson and Moricello
Pierre Charles L’Enfant and DC
