Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What is the iron horse?

Answer 1

Railroad

Question 2

Where did Andrew Carneige start his life?

Answer 2

Ireland but moved to USA

Question 3

How did Andrew Carneige get out from being poor?

Answer 3

He grew up in Pittsburg

He worked in the steel indutry and eventually produced 1/4 of the nations Bessemer steel and earned $25 million

Question 4

What is vertical integration?

Answer 4

someone bought out and controlled all aspects of industry

Question 5

What is horizontal integration?

Answer 5

someone allied with or bought out compeitors to monopolize a given market

Question 6

How did the private RR companies, that were building the transcontiental, raise their money?

Answer 6

By raising their own capital funds with the assisstance of the federal government

Question 7

What was often occumpanied by the rapid expansion of the RR system?

Answer 7

rapid mergers
bankruptcies a
reorganization

Question 8

What did rr help?

Answer 8

created an integreated national market
stimulated growth in cities
encouraged european immigration

Question 9

How did rr owners generally act when dealing with shippers, government, and the public?

Answer 9

not fair a

not honest

Question 10

What did early, weak federal efforts at railroad regulation bring order and stability to?

Answer 10

industrial competition

Question 11

What was Rockefeller oil companies techniqued that involved combining into one organizatin all the phases of manufacturing from raw material to the customer?

Answer 11

vertical integration

Question 12

Rockefeller, Morgan, and others orgnized what in order to consolidate business and eliminate cutthroat competition?

Answer 12

interlcking directorates

Question 13

Corporations effectively used what to prevent much effective government reguations of their activities?

Answer 13

14 admendment

sympathetic court rulings

Question 14

What did the north think of the pro industry ideology of the New South?

Answer 14

South was hurt by the discrimination from the north in 1900

Question 15

What two new inventions brought large numbers of women into the workplace?

Answer 15

typewriter and telephone

Question 16

Did industrialization generally give the industrial wage erner greater or less status and control over his or her own life?

Answer 16

less

Question 17

The impact of new machines and mass immigration did what?

Answer 17

held down wages

gave employers advantags in their dealings with labor

Question 18

Who did the Knights of Labor organize?

Answer 18

skilled/unskilled
blacks/whites
women/men

Question 19

What event severely hurt the Knights of Labor?

Answer 19

Haymarket Square

even though they had no connection with the bombing

Question 20

What did the American Federation of Labor try to do?

Answer 20

organize unskilled workers, women, blacks

they succeeded

Question 21

The federal government contributed to the building of hte national rail network by doing what?

Answer 21

providing free grants of federal land to the railroad companies

Question 22

Who was the most effiennt and public minded of the early railroad building industrialists?

Answer 22

James J Hill

Question 23

The RR most significantly stimulated American industrialization by what?

Answer 23

creating a single naitonal market for raw materials and consumer goods

Question 24

The rr barons aroused considerable public opposiiton by practices such as what?

Answer 24

stock watering and bribery of public officials

Question 25

The rr affected even the organiztion of time in the US by what?

Answer 25

introducing four standard time zones across the country

Question 26

The first important federal law aimed at reguating american industry was what?

Answer 26

interstate commerce act

Question 27

Financier J P Morgan exercsed his economic power most effectively by what?

Answer 27

consolidating rival industies through interlocking directorates

Question 28

Andrew Carnegie industrial system of vertical integration involved what?

Answer 28

the combination of all phases of the steel industry from mining to manufacturing into a single organizaiton

Question 29

THe large trusts like Standard Oil and Swift and Armour justified their economic dominantion of their industries by claiming what?

Answer 29

only large scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices

Question 30

The oil industry first thrived in the late 1880s by producing what?

Answer 30

Kerosene for oil lamps

Question 31

Andrew Carnegies Gospel of Wealth proclaimed his belief of what?

Answer 31

Those who accired great wealth were morally resopnisble to use it for the public good

Question 32

The attmept to create an industraliazed New South in the late 19 century generally failed because of what?

Answer 32

the south was discriminated against and held down as a supplier of raw materials to northern industry

Question 33

For American workers, industrializaton generally meas what?

Answer 33

a long term rise of standard living but a loss of independence and control of work

Question 34

In contrast to the Knight of Labor, the American Federation of Labor advocated what?

Answer 34

concentrating on improving waged and hours and avoiding general social reform

Question 35

What are land grants?

Answer 35

federally owned acrege granted to the rr companies in order to encourage the building of rail lines

Question 36

What is the union pacific RR?

Answer 36

the original transcontiental rr, commissioned by congress which built its line west from Omaha

Question 37

What is the Central Pacific RR?

Answer 37

the california based rr company headed by Leland Stanford employed Chinese laboreres in building lines across the mountains

Question 38

What was the Great Northern RR?

Answer 38

the northernmost ofthe transcontiental rr lines | organized by economically wise and public spiritied industrialist James Hill

Question 39

What was stock watering?

Answer 39

Dishonest device by which rr promoters artificially inflated the prices of their stocks and bonds

Question 40

What was hte Wabash Case?

Answer 40

Supreme court case of 1886 that prevented states from regulating rr or other forms of interstate commerce

Question 41

What is the intersate commerce commission?

Answer 41

Federal regulatory agency often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry and prevent ruinous competiton

Question 42

What is the telephone?

Answer 42

Late 19 century invention that revolutionized communicatin and created a large new industry that relied heavily on female workers

Question 43

What was Standard Oil Company?

Answer 43

First of the great industrial trusts, organized through a principle of horizontal intergreation that ruthlessly incorportated or destroyed competitiors

Question 44

What was US Steel?

Answer 44

First billion dollar American coperation | organized when J P MOrgan bouth out Carnegie

Question 45

What is New South?

Answer 45

Term that identified southern promoters belief in a technologically advanced induastrail south

Question 46

What was the colored national labor unions?

Answer 46

black labor organizatons that briefly flourished in the late 1860s

Question 47

What was the Knights of Labor?

Answer 47

Secret, ritualistic labor organiztions thatenrolled many skilled and unskilled workers but collapsed after Haymarket Sqare Boming

Question 48

What is Craft Union?

Answer 48

Skilled labor organizations such as those of carpenters an printers that were most successful in conducucting strikes and raising wages

Question 49

What is American Federation of Labor?

Answer 49

The conservative labor group that successfully organzied a minority of AMerican workers but left others out