Industrialization Quiz 2 Flashcards
`When was the first transcontiental rr built?
1869
How many days did the transcontiental rr cut from cross contry travel?
26 days to 7 days
What helped pay for westward rrs and what was the impact?
Federal subsides; made it easy to settle west
What did trains carry to the east and west?
East: cattle
west: supplies
What did RR expansion help destroy?
Buffalo on the range
What replaced buffalo on the range and provided meals for fast growing Eastern cities?
Cattle
How much rr track was in 1860?
30,626 mi
How much rr track was in 1870?
52,922 mi
How much rr track was in 1880?
93,262 mi
How much rr track was in 1890?
166,703 mi
Where were buffalo and cattle in 1860?
Most midwest = buffalo
Southern tip of TX = cattle
Where were buffalo and cattle in 1870?
most midwest was cattle with buffalo in northern midwest
Where were buffalo and cattle in 1880?
Cattle covered the western half of the US with very little buffalo
What did the north mass produce during the Civil War?
rifles, cannons, ships, and uniforms
What allowed people to communicate over long distances?
telegraph and telephone
What was the Bessemer process?
made steel production more economical
What was used to light and heat homes?
Petroleum based products (keroscene)
What powered machines?
Electricity
What was the internal combustion engine?
used petroleum based gasoline to power cars and airplanes
What did Elias Howe make and when?
sewing machine 1846
What did Elisha Otis make and when?
passanger elevator 1852
What did Christaphor Sholes make and when?
typewritter 1867
What did Alexander Grahm Bell make and when?
Telephone 1876
What did Thomas Edison make and when?
electric bulb 1879
What did Orville and Wilbur Wright make and when?
airplane 1903
What are the major RR towns?
Chicago St Louis Minneapolis San Fransico Los Angeles Tacoma
What was the impact of technological innovations?
Raised standard of living
Transportation and Communication
New Engineering feats
Work and Buisness
What was the impact of techological innovations in raised standard of living?
People became accustomed to mass produced products
What was the impact of technological innovations in transportation and communication?
New forms of transprotaion (steamships, rr, automobiles)
New methods of communication (telegraph, telephone)
What was the impact of technological innovations in new engineeering feats?
Bridges, skyscrapper of steel and concrete, and massive public buildings enabled urban cities to grow
What was the impact of technological innovations in work and buisness?
As factories turned to faster and larger machines, workers nd employers lost all personal contact
What did rrs promote?
the settlement of the frontier opening up the great plains
What did the rrs link in the great plains to?
ranches and farms to urban markets
allowed farmers and ranchers to ship crop and livestock east
What kinds of materials did the rrs bring?
brought raw materials to factories and finsished goods to customers
Construction of rrs stimulated what kind of industries?
iron
steel
coal
What were buisnesses before and after the war like?
before: small
after: the arrival of manufatoring facilites were capable of producing goods for a single market
Why were manufactoring facilities profitable?
they were enormace
Who was the first to use manufactoring facilities?
textiles but eventually all industries used it
After the Civil War, what were buisnesses ran by?
corperations
What is a corperation?
company that issues shares to investors
What is a stockholder?
share in a corporations profits in the form of dividends
Why did corportaions become widespread?
the large amounts of money they could raise
What did the Norhtern Pacific RR link?
Chicago to Minneapolis to Tacoma
What did the Union Pacific RR link?
Omaha to Sanfransico to Chicago
What did the Santa Fe and Topeka trail link?
Chicago to Kansas City to El Paso
