First 1/2 of Civil War Flashcards
After 7 states seceded, who did the people think wasnt up for the job of president?
Lincoln
What was Lincoln’s thoughts on slavery?
morally opposed to slavery and did not interfere where it was legal
What did Lincoln affirm authority over?
All US territories in states that had seceded from the union
What was Fort Sumter background?
In SC
it was low on supplies
Lincoln sent an unarmed ship with food to the fort
When the battle of Fort Sumter happen?
April 21, 1861
What happened at the battle of fort sumter?
Confederates attacked
Lincoln requested 75,000 volunteers to supress rebellion
VI,NC,TN,AK seceded
What were the newly seceded states responses to secession?
Some in VI opposed it
People in western counties of VI chose new govener and applied for statehood in the north
Debate was strong in TN
Who made up the Confederate States?
SC, Mississippi, FL, AL, GE, Louisianna, TX, VI, NC, TN, AK
What were the border states?
states that had slaves but remained loyal to the union
Who made up the border states?
Delaware, Maryland, KY, MO, West Virginia
The border states were occupied after what?
Confrontation in Baltimore
What did Lincoln suspend in Border States?
Writ of habeas corpus
What was writ of habeas corpus?
Confederates could be jailed without charges, indefinitely
What was Union initial strategies?
Anocanda Plan
Blockade in southern ports
Capture Mississippi River
What was the order in southern society?
Great Planters (1% of pop, 20+ slaves) Small farmers (35-45% of pop, 0-5 slaves; most common) Landless whites (20-25% pop) Slaves (35% pop)
Where did the South trade cotton to?
Europe
What percentage of British raw cotton came from the south?
75
By 1860, what percent of all US exports were cotton?
57.5
How did the South gamble?
They thought Britain would intervene
Why did king cotton fail?
British factories had surplus of raw cotton
Cotton was imported from Egypt and India
Emancipation Proclamation = war to free slaves
When was Bull Run/ Manassas?
June 1861
What was another name for the Battle of Bull Run?
Manassas
Who led the south and north in Bull Run?
McDowell = union Beauregard = Confederates
Which force was initially successful at Bull Run?
Union
What was the turning point of Bull Run?
Confederate reinforcements led by Stonewall Jackson arrived ad routed Union troops
What were the impacts of Bull Run?
Union troops were determined to never be humiliated again
Boosted confidence in south
In the early war, who did Lincoln replace McDowel with?
McClellnwho created the Army of Potomac
What did McClellan transform unorganized troops to?
disciplined army
Was the union cautious during the fighting in the East?
yes
When and where was Shiloh?
April 1862; TN
Who led Union forces?
Ulysses S Grant
What did the Confederates stage at Shiloh?
Surprise attack
Who won Shiloh?
Confederates were successful until Union reinforcements arrived
About many causualities were at Shiloh?
23,000
What was the other name for Antietam?
Sharpsburg
Whos troops invaded Maryland in Antietam?
Lee
Why did Lee start Antietam?
Supplies were needed
Hope for European recognition of south
Who won Antietam?
Tactically a draw; North won strategicly
What was the bloodies single day of fighting in the war? 24,000
Antietam
What was the impact of Antietam?
Diplomatic victory
Lincoln reconsidered his views of the war and slavery
Drafted a proclamation to free slaves, but waited for a union victory
When was the Emancipation Proclamation effective?
1/1/1863
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Freed slaves in states rebelling against the union
Did not free states loyal to the union
Transformed war aims toward slavery
Lincoln maintained support of border states; yet it pushed them closer to what?
emancipation
When and where was Gettysburg?
July 1863; Pennsylavania
Who invadd the north to start Gettysburg?
Lee
Who lead the union troops at Gettysburg?
Meade
What did the Union troops defend?
Cemetary Ridge
What was the bloodiest engagement of war?
Gettysburg; 50,000 deaths
Who attacked union center on July 3?
Pickett
