APUSH 2.1 Flashcards
Differences in imperal goals, cultures, and the North American enviorment s that different empires confronted led Europeans to develop what?
Diverse patterens in colonization
What resulted by 17th century spanish, french, dutch, and bitish colonizers embracing different social and economic goals, cultural assumptions, and folkways?
varied models of colonization
Europeans developed a variety of colonizationand migration patterns influenced by what?
Different imperial goals
cultures
varied north american enviorment where they settled and the compitition between other countries and natives
Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers had different economic and imperial goals involving land labor that shaped what?
social and political development of their colonies as well as their relationships with native populations
Who establised strict control ovr coloniztion and conversion and expointed many natives?
Spain
What was a major goal of Spain?
To make money
Where does all trade must go through?
A few Spanish controlled ports
Small amounts of Spainards ruled waht kind of people?
Indengenous people
What did Spain sought to do to Natives?
Convert them to Christianity
Force them into the Encomienda system
Use them as trading partners
Who sent few Europeans to the New World and built relationships with the Natives?
France and Dutch
Who intermarried with natives and built extensive trading partners with them?
France
What does coureurs de bois mean?
French fur traders (trade beaver furs; would live among natives)
Who also built extensive trade routes mainly in NY?
Dutch
The Netherlands encouraed settlement where?
New World
Who encouraged a large number of both male and female (unlike most european countires) immagrnts to go to the New World?
England
Why did English immagrants come to America?
Sought economic prosperity
religious freedom (Puritans)
better living conditions (overpopulation)
What were English colonies based on?
Agriculture
What became a large cash crop in English colonies?
Tobacco
What system encouraged English immagrats to come to America (benifitted the wealthy)?
Headright system
Unlike the French and Spanish, did the English want to live with or sepretely with native americans?
Seperately
What conflicts did the English have with ntives?
Powhatans, Bacon’s Rebellion, Pequot War, King Phillips War
In the 17th century, early British colonies developed along the Atlantic coast with regional differences that reflected various what?
Enviormental, economic, cultural, and demographic features
Chesepeake and North Carolina colones relied heavily on what?
Tobacco (long work days and growing seasons)
In the Chesapeake and NC colonies, exhasted lands led to what?
Expnsion and conflicts with natives
In the Chespeake and NC colonies, who made up the labor forces in 17th century?
Indentured servents
In the Chespeake and NC colonies, what happened after Bacon’s rebellion?
there was a switch to African slavery
Who established the New England colonies?
Puritas (wanted to urify the Anglican church by John WInthrop)
New England colonies estabished small towns with waht?
schools
How many families were needed in order to establish a school?
50
Where extended families common?
yes
WHat were New England colonies known for?
Agriculture, fishing, commerce
What city became a major port city?
Boston
What was the enviorment like in New England?
Colder climate, Rocky terrain (made large plantations difficult)
Middle Colonies tended to be more diverse how?
Demographically, reliously, and ethically
What relion had relious tolerance?
Quakers in Penn (William Penn)
Did women have more rights and equal positions in church (Quakers)?
yes
Where were immagrants from in the Middle colonies?
Germany
What was the economy based on in the Middle Colonies?
Exportaion of cereal crops (wheat
What was a major staple crop in South Carolina and Georgia?
Rice
What were labor days like in the Southern colones?
Very arduous, long days and long growing season
Because there were many white laborers who refused to work in rice fields in the SOuthern colonies and west indies, what increased?
slave labor
In West Indies (Barbadoes), what w a major part of society?
sugar cultrivation
Was slavery lightly used in South Carolina and Georgia?
No, it was heavily used
In many instances in the Southern colonies and West Indies, who made up the majority of the population?
Slaves
What were the slave codes?
laws to regulate slave behavior
What gave incredible power to slave owners?
Slave codes
Emergance of demcratic, self goverment in the British colonies was caused by what?
Distance from Britian Lax attension (Salutary Neglect- "hands off" approch to the colonies)
How was the New England colonial goverment made?
Town meetings –> elected legislators (white men who owned land could vote)
Who dominated Southern colonial goverment assemblies?
Planters
What was the first representve goverment in British colonies, many members were elite plantaion owners?
Virginia House of Burgesses
Competition over resource between European rivals and American Indieans encouraged what?
Industry and trade ad led to conflict in the Americas
What was the Atlantic economy?
Exchange of goods, African American and Natives between Europe, Africa, and Americas
Where did European colonis focused on producing goods to?
Europe (Mercantilism)
Goods that were valued in Europe where exported from ehere?
The colonies (fur, tobacco, etc)
Who were the new sources of labor?
Native American indentured servants and African slave labor
What were the impacts of trade on Natives?
Culture chnges: Natives lost land, many Europeans sought to asimulate them
Economic changes: land was lost and altered by Europeans
Demographic changes: drastic decrease in popualtion from diseases
Did Natives and Europeans fostered (promoted growth of) accommodation and conflict?
yes
Europeans allied with Native groups against who?
Opposing native groups (pequot war, Metacom’s war)
British were able to offer more _ to natives, but French were more _ of natives (intermarried).
goods; tolerant
During the French Indian War, who did most natives side with?
France (except inquois)
What is the other name for the French Indian War?
7 Years war
Did both Europeans and colonizers increasingly trust each other?
No, they distrust each other
Why couldnt Britian colonists expand after the French Indian war?
England forbade it
What became a major issue seen in Bacon’s rebellion?
Frontier defense
What divided Europeans and colonists?
Trade
What did coonists do to get around British taxes?
smuggled
What were British and Native American conflicts caused by?
Competition over land
resources
boundries
British and Native American conflicts led to what military conflicts?
Metacom’s War [King Philips war (Conflicts between Natives and British colonists resulted in natives being defeated and they werent much of a threat to England)]
What was a revolt where Pueblo Indins successfully overthrew the Spanish for 12 years?
Pueblo Revolt
What happened after the Spainish regained control after the Puebo revolt?
They became more accommodating to Native AMerican culture, paritcually religion
What did the Dutch call their new colony?
New Netherland
Did England forbid people from other colonies?
No, they encouraged it
What two states make up the Chesepeake colonies?
Virginia and Maryland
