APUSH 2.3 Flashcards
The increasing political, economic, and cultural exchanges within the Atlantic World had some profound impact on the development of what?
Colonial societies in North America
Atlantic World commercial, religious, philosophical, and political interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American native people stimulated what?
Economic growth
expanded social networks
reshaped labor systems
What was created by the 17th century Atlantic Trade?
labor market
exchange of goods
What began with Spanish and Portuguese traders in West Africa?
Growth of slavery in the Americas
What was the passage where shipments of Africans in close quartered ships were shipped and would last several weeks or months?
Middle Passage
What trade route shipped rum, sugar, molasses, and slaves?
Triangular trade route
How did merchants trade defy the Navigation Acts?
traded with Spanish, Dutch, and French
What promoted Anglicization in the British colonies?
using more English norms and customs
What was similar to English governments?
Representative assemblies
What increased contact with colonies and England?
Trade
What kind of ideas traveled from England and Europe to Americas?
Enlightenment
How did America later use similar contributions like the Enlightenment?
Franklin and Jefferson
What colonies had religious freedom?
Maryland Act of Toleration: reliogious tolerance to all Christians
Quakers
How did Evangelism spread?
The 1st great awakening saw George Whitefield travel from England travel to the colonies to spread religion
What emerged among British colonies?
Strict racial categories and stereotyping
Blacks and whites lived in _ living quarters and were _ throughout the day.
Separated
Segregated
Similar to natives, Africans were also seen as what?
Savages, and less than human to justify treatment
How was any resistance to slavery treated?
Harshly
What were the Spanish and French more accepting of?
racial gradation
What emerged in the Spanish empire?
Mestizos and mullatos
Britain’s desire to maintain a viable North American empire in the face of growing internal challenges and external competition inspired efforts to do what?
Strengthen imperial control
Stimulating increasing resistance from colonists who had grown accustom to large measure of automony
Overtime, regional differences in colonies gave way to similarities in what?
Laws
Trail
Institution
Governance within the context of the British imperial system
What was the similarity in laws?
crimes were redefined (John Peter Zenger)
What was the similarity in trial?
People could criticize government officials if it was true
What was the similarity in institutions?
colleges were established in different colonies
helped promote religion and increase literacy
What was similar in governance within the context of British imperial system?
Prior to 1763, colonial governments acted independent of Parliment
Under _, the goal is for the mother country (England) to make as much money as possible.
Mercantilism
Was England’s goal of creating a unified imperial structure and enforcing strict mercantilism policies always successful?
No, they were not always successful
What required colonies to export specific goods only to England or English colonies?
Navigation Acts
Navigation Acts led to widespread _ from colonial merchants.
smuggling
What combined Massachusetts with the rest of New England? (And eventually NJ and NY)
Domination of New England
_ was eliminated and a new _ was appointed.
Assemblies; govener
Who was the govener after the assemblies were eliminated?
Sir Edmund Andos (very unpopular)
The Dominion was met with resistance and ended with what?
Glorious Revolution in England
For most of the early 18th century, what did England follow a policy of?
Salutary Neglect
Were English colonies mostly left alone to govern themselves?
Yes
When would England’s hands off approach come to an end?
1763 with the end of the 7 Years War
What were the reasons for resistance to British imperial control?
Salutary neglect
Enlightenment
The Great Awakening
Colonies saw themselves as English men even though English officials did not always
What led to colonial assemblies having significant power, often viewing themselves as Parliament?
Salutary Neglect
What led many to question the government and desire more rights, and new forms of government?
Enlightenment
What created more religious diversity and a questioning of authority?
The Great Awakening
What was the treaty of tordesillas?
1494; Portuguese and Spain would move the Papal line of Demarcation to the west slightly
What was the Papal Line of Demarcation?
1493; The Pope divided the world between Portugal and Spain by drawing a line down a map of the known world giving Spain everything West and everything east to Portugal
