Review Quiz over Civil War Flashcards
What was Picketts Last Charge?
Confederate Army marching to their deaths to the center of the Union army. It was to soften the middle and fight through the middle. It almost succeeded. (Divide and Conquer)
List the Union General.
McClellan Pope Burnside Hooker Meade Grant
What was the 54th Mass?
First black burgade
What were the blacks units battle cry?
Remeber FOrt Pillow
Were the merrimack and monitor originally from the south?
NO they originate from the south
What was the Union’s goal in taking over the Mississippi River?
Cut the confederates in half
What are the three parts of Antietam?
Cornfield
Sunken Road
Burnside Bridge
What was the bloodiest single day battle?
Antietam
September 17, 1862
What battles were Union victories in the west?
Fort Henry
Fort Donelson
Vicksburg
Which Battles were Condefederate victories in the west?
Shiloh and Murphyborough
What were to the West Wars?
Fort Henry Fort Donelson Battle of Vicksburg Battle of Murphysburg Battle of Shiloh
Who created the Anconda’s Plan?
General Winfield Scott
New York City Draft Riots were what?
White people rioted in NYC because they didnt want to fight the war to free black people
Antietam took away what from the Confederacy?
The ability to have the British back them up
What major thing resulted from Antietam?
Emancipation Proclamation
What was blockade running?
the process of smuggling materieals through the blockades, but the Union could seize British freighters on the high seas saying their final destination was the south
Why did the Confederates have the upperhand with ships?
They used an old US warship reconditioned and plated with iron called the Virginia (Merrimack)
What did the Union build to counter the Merrimack?
Monitor (built in 100 days)
What did the Merrimack and Monitor show ships needed?
Steam engine
armor
What was the Peninsula Campain?
water bourne approch to Richmond
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
Slaves in the seceded states were free
slaves in border states were still inslaved
How did the North and south react to Emancipation Proclamation?
North: many soldiers refused to fight for abolition
South: Lincoln was stirring up trouble and trying to incite a slave insurrection
Were blacks in the army?
At the beginning no, but at the end they made up 10% of the union army
How did southerners often see black soldiers?
runaways
rebels
Fort Pillow: masscre
What battle did Burnside lead?
Fredericksburg
What battle did Hooker lead?
Chancellorsville
What battle did Meade lead?
Gettysburg
What battle did Grant win?
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson and Vicksburg
What battle did Grant lose?
Shiloh
What was the March to the Sea?
Sherman marched through Georgia and captured and burned down Atlanta
Mile wide trail of destruction (scorched earth)
Total War
What battle did Pope lead?
2nd battle of Bull Run
Who was the most famous Copperhead?
Clement Valandigham
What were war democrats?
Liked Lincoln
What wer peace democrats?
Anti Lincoln
Who were the copperheads?
totally against war
Who did the Republicans and war democrats vote for in 1864?
Lincoln
Who did the peace democrats and copperheads vote for?
McClellan
Who was Lincoln’s vice president because it would get the war democrats vote?
Andrew Johnson
When Grant captured Richmond and cornered Lee, where did they meet to end the war?
Appomattox Court House Virginia April 1865 where Lee surended
Who, where, and when was Lincoln murdered?
John Wilkes Booth
Ford’s Theatre
April 14, 1865
What was the cost of the Civil War?
600,000 men
$15 billion
wasted crops
What happened after Lincoln was elected in 1860?
Deep south seceded
What happened at Fort Sumter?
Confederate attacked union ship bring food
Lincoln sent 75,000 to a “90 day war”
Confederates won fort sumter when Stonewall Jackson brought reinforcements
What happened at 1st Bull Run?
Confederate won and shocked the world
Spectators watched, but with the rest of the troops, they Skidaddled back to the north
What did George McClellan do?
Army of Pomotac
captured Yorktown
Called Tardy George
What was Union strategy after 1st Bull Run?
Total war
blockade, divide, conquer
Cut confederate in half by seizing Mississippi River
Anaconda Plan
Who created Anaconda Plan?
Winfield Scott
What happened at the 2nd Bull Run
Confederates won
Lee hoped to persuade British to help and border states to join
What battle did Pope lead?
2nd Bull Run
Who won Antietiam?
Union
Why was Gettysburg important?
Lee invaded Maryland
Bloodiest battle
Union won
Why was Vicksburg?
Union gained access to the Mississippi River
Why could Grant send thousands of people out to die?
He had twice the man power
What battle did Burnside lead?
Fredericksburg VI
Dec 13 1862
Why did Lincoln believe that the south restoration would be relatively simple?
South never legally withdrew from the Union
What was the 10% Plan?
Lincoln created it
if southern states could be reinstated into the Union if:
10% of voters took a pledge and oath to the union
acknowledge emancipation
What did radical republicans fear?
lenicency of 10% plan would allow the southerners to re-enslaves the free black people
Wade Davis Bill?
Made by radical republicans
50% needed to pledge and oath
stronger safeguards for emancipation
What happened to the Wade Davis Bill?
Lincoln Pocket Vetoed it (Lincoln did not sign it in 10 days so it expired; passive agressive)
Who were the moderate republcians?
shared same views of lincoln and favored the 10% Plan
Who were the radical republicans?
Against Lincoln’s views
South should be heavily punished
Liked Wade Davis Bill
Wanted slaves to stay free
Who when and where was Lincoln assassinated?
John Wilkes booth (Sympathetic Confederate)
April 14, 1865
Ford Theater
What was Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction Proclamation?
Certain leading confederates were disfranchised (lost right to vote)
Confederate debt was repudiated
states had to radify 13th admendment
What are black codes?
Controlled the free black
laws aimed at keeping the black population in submission and workers in the field
Who held the power in Congress?
Republicans
When did Johnson declare that the south had satisfied all the conditions needed and that the union was restoredd?
Dec 6, 1865
What was in the 14th admendment?
Blacks were American citizens
If a state denied citizen to blacks, their electoral college representation was lowered
Former confederates could not hold federal or state office
Federal debt was guarnteed while the confederate one was repudiated
The Reconstruciton would not be carried on without it in the 1866
What was the Military Reconstruction Act?
March 2, 1867
Divided the south into 5 military zones
Temorarily disfranchised 10,000s of former confederates
laid down new guidelines for the readmission of state
What was the 15th Admendment?
Passed by congress in 1869
Blacks had the right to vote
What was the compromise of 1877?
The presidental candites were at a stalemate so they made a deal
North got the president (Rutherford Hayes)
South got the military pulled out of the south and former slaves
Southern blacks were not protected
Ended Reconstruction
What were women disappointed in?
13, 14, 15 admendments since they didnt give women suffrge
What did women advocates do?
Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton campaigned against 14 and 15 admendments because they were only for men
Where did Blacks begin to organize?
Politically
Union League
What was the Union League?
network of political clubs that educated members in tehir civic duties and campaigned for Republican canidates
Later they built black churhs and schools
resprsented Black grievences
Recuited militias to protect blacks
Name two Black men who served in Congress.
Hiram Revels; Blanche K. Bruce (Mississippi)
What is a scalawag?
Southerners who were accused of plundering Southern treasuries and selling out the Southerners.
What is a carpetbagger?
Northerners accused of milking power and profit from the destroyed South.
What governments were corrupt during the Reconstruction?
Southern
What was the name of the extreme racist White group who scared Blacks into not voting or seeking jobs? (were often violent)
Ku Klux Clan (aka “Invisible Empire of the South”)
When and where were the KKK started?
Tennessee in 1866
What Act provided tht the president had to secure the consent of the senate before removing his appointees once they had been approved by the Senate?
Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Who did Johnson fire that led to the Republicans impeaching Johnson?
Edwin M. Stanton
Why did Johnson’s lawyers not allow him to testify for himself?
They argued that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional and Johson was acting under he constitution not the law.
Johnson was acquitted of all charged by how many votes?
One
How many Republican senators with a consciences voted “not guilty”?
Seven (none were ever elected again)
Who did we buy Alaska from?
Russia
Who made the Alaskan purchase?
William H. Seward (Secretary of State)
How much did Alaska cost?
$7.2M
When did we buy Alaska?
1867
What was found in Alaska that made it a great deal?
oil and gold
Who was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union?
Alexander Stephens
What was Stephens and other Confederacy leaders indicted for?
treason
Who was a leading abolitionist who was beat with a cane by Preston Brooks?
Charles Sumner
Who was a radical Republican congressment that orchestrated the Congressional reconstrction plan tat was very stern toward the South. He also tried to impeach Johnson in 1868?
Thaddeus Stevens
Secretary of State under Abe and Johnson who purchased Alaska?
William Seward
What was sharecropping?
After Civil War, former landowners rented” plots of land to blacks and poor whites so that renters were always in debt and therefore tied to the land.
What was the worry if the South ran Congress?
That blacks might be enslaved again.
What bill was passed by Congress to protect?
Civil Rights Bill
What did JOhnson do to the Civil Rights Bill?
vetoed it (overridden by a 2/3rds vote and tried to have Johnson impeached which almost worked.
When the military leaves, how did the south regroup?
They were upset and created groups like the KKK
What happened in the 1868 Election?
Republican: Grant
Democrat: Seymour
Grant won significantly in the electoral college
What happened in the 1872 Election?
R: Grant
D: 5 opponents
Grant won easily due to troops still in the south
Election of 1876?
R: Rutherford Hayes
D: Samuel Tilden
The results were disputed between SC, LO, FL and two canidates bargined with each other
Freedmon’s Bureau?
Took care of basic needs of blacks after emancipation
Education (200,000 could read and write)
What is impreachment?
To bring official charges against the president
What happened with Andrew johnson and impeachment?
He was ipeached but not removed from congress (Saved by 1 vote)
What was the souths reaction to the military being in their space?
Hostility
What amendments were in the Reconstruction Act?
13, 14 Admendment
Why is the Reconstruction a failer?
SOuthern balcks are promised to have all these good things to protect them, but were never given it.
What is an exoduster?
Black that migrates north and west to work on farms
Was McClellan cautious?
Yes
Tardy George
Case of the slows
Why was Gettysburg important?
The south is on hte run for the rest of the war
Meade was fired for not running after the south
Who is leader after the Gettysburg?
Sherman and Grant
What act did Johnson get impeached on?
Tenure Act
