WS Flashcards
Weight stigma refers to
- Neg. attitudes held towards OW/OB
- Subsequent prejudice/discrimination
In the UK, 2/3rds of adults are
OW/OB
1 in 5 children in _______ were ______
Reception
OW/OB
Common belief that shaming individuals about their weight will
Incentivise weight-loss
Causes of Obesity (6)
Social influences Food production Food consumption Individual activity Biology Environment
Weight stigma OCCURS because
Blame is attributed to the individual
Puhl and Heuer (2009) found strong attitudes towards OB people, such as
Unintelligent
Lazy
Undisciplined
Puhl and Heuer (2009) also found that weight stigma is found in various places, such as
Personal relationships
Workplace
Healthcare
Puhl, Andreyeva and Brwnell (2008)
Weight stigma is the second most
Common form of discrimination in women
Callahan (2013)
We apply social pressure on OW/OB individuals, as it is a common belief
Shaming will incentivise weight-loss
Puhl, Andreyeva and Brwnell (2008)
….We do this because it is commonly thought that shaming will incentivise weight loss
Apply social pressure
Which are the MAJOR studies to memorise? (5) (Non-reading)
Harrison et al., 2016 Nickson et al., 2016 Schwartz et al., 2003 Schvey et al., 2011 DeJong, 1993
Who conducted the independent reading and what was the topic? (2)
Kyle + Puhl, 2014
People-first language
Phelan et al., 2015
Weight-stigma in healthcare
Harrison et al., 2016
What was the method
1/3 story books read to children about Alfie or Thomas
Harrison et al., 2016
How were the storybooks manipulated
Alfie was either overweight or healthy weight
Harrison et al., 2016
When Alfie was overweight, he was (3)
- Rated as having fewer friends
- Less likely to win race
- Only 1/43 chose to be friends with him
Harrison et al., 2016
When Alfie was HEALTHY WEIGHT (1)…
Ratings did not differ
Harrison et al., 2016
Conclusion: when forced to choose,
Children prefer to be friends with a healthy weight child
Harrison et al., 2016
What weight was Thomas?
Always healthy weight
Eisenberg (2006) WS impact on Children.
Weight-based teasing could predict (3)…
- Lower self-esteem
- Lower body image
- Higher depression
Puhl, Peterson & Leducicke (2013)
___% of boys enrolled in a weight_loss programme reported weight-based teasing
71%
Eaton et al., (2005) (WS on children)
Children who experienced weight-based teasing had a 2x…
Increased chance of contemplating suicide
Puhl et al., (2011)
How does weight-stigma affect a child’s education?
May avoid school
Zavodny (2013)
How does weight-stigma affect a child’s education from the teachers stance?
Teachers rated performance as WORSE than it truly was
Puhl et al., (2017)
Conducted a __________ study on the impact of WS in children
Longitudinal
Puhl et al., (2017) conducted a ________ study over ____ years on the impact of WS
Longitudinal
15
Puhl et al., (2017) (Longitudinal study on WS)
Weight-based teasing predicted…15 years later(3)
- Binge eating
- Weight gain
- Obesity
Giehl (2010) found that weight status was a source of discrimination in the _________, especially for _______
Women
Giehl and Nickson (2016) studied the impact of weight stigma in
Adults
Nickson et al., (2016)
Faces were digitally morphed so that they were
OW or Non OW
Nickson et al., (2016)
Participants were asked:
“Assume you need to hire someone for a CF or non CF role. Who would you pick?”
Nickson et al., (2016)
Findings
Non CF:
Did not affect hiring
Nickson et al., (2016)
Findings
Customer facing:
More likely to hire non-OW than OW
Nickson et al., (2016)
Findings
The effect was greater for
FEMALE faces
Phelan et al., (2015) conducted a study on weight-stigma in
Healthcare
Phelan et al., (2015)
How might SETTING factors influence weight-stigma (2)
- Clinical equipment too small
- Weight measurement/querying about physical activity
Phelan et al., (2015)
Clinical equipment may be too small, which promotes…
Identity threat
Foster et al., (2003)
Found that health care practitioners find OB people to be…
Weak-willed, sloppy, lazy
Sabin, Marini and Nosek (2012)
Found a ______ _______ and ______ _______ bias in health-care practitioners
Strong
Implicit + Explicit
Anti-fat
Schwartz et al., (2003)
Measured the attitudes of 389 Obesity professionals using the
IAT
Schwartz et al., (2003)
Found a significant ______ _________ in healthcare professionals
Implicit anti-fat bias
Schvey, Puhl + Brownwell (2014)
The physiological impacts of WS in OW/OB people include
Increased cortisol
Increased BP
Mitchell et al., (2008)
Which health-preventative behaviours are OW/OB people LESS LIKELY to undergo?
Less likely to attend cancer screenings
Schvey et al., (2011)
Studied WS on pro-health behaviours
What was the method
Stigmatising video or neutral video
Snack intake measured
Schvey et al., (2011)
Studied WS on pro-health behaviours
It was found that the MORE…
Stigmatising the video was, the less pro-HB participants felt
Greater snack intake
Puhl and Bromwell (2009)
The main cause of weight-stigma is
Attributing blame to the individual
Puhl and Bromwell (2009)
OB/OW people are seen as lazy and undisciplined. This is a ______ belief
Persistent
DeJong (1993)
High-schoolers rated a OW woman. They were told she was overweight due to
An EXTERNAL (e.g. disease) or INTERNAL (e.g. over-eating) cause
DeJong (1993)
Findings (internal cause obesity)
Rated as more self indulgent/less disciplined
DeJong (1993)
Findings (external cause)
Ratings did not differ
Kushner et al., (2014) (Reducing WS in Education)
First-year medical students
Role-played with feedback
Kushner et al., (2014) (Reducing WS in Education)
Negative STs reduced/increased after training
Reduced
Kushner et al., (2014) (Reducing WS in Education)
At the 1 year follow up…
The effect diminished
Kushner et al., (2014) (Reducing WS in Education)
The study is LIMITED because (2)
- Based on explicit attitudes
2. More research needed
Kyle + Puhl (2014)
What is an example of disease-first language
Obese people
Kyle + Puhl (2014)
What is an example of people-first language
Person with obesity
Kyle + Puhl (2014)
People-first language is standard for…
Respectfully addressing the issue
