Time Orientation and Health 2 Flashcards
Procrastination is ___________ associated with future time prospection
Negatively
Procrastination involves the ________ and __________ delay of _________ tasks
Unnecessary
Voluntary
Intended
Procrastination is ___________ associated with present time orientation
Positively
Do procrastinators recognise that their procrastination may have negative consequences?
Yes
Procrastination is a _________ bound behaviour that has consequences for the _____ self and the ________ self
Temporally
Future
Present
Central to understanding procrastination is
Short term mood regulation
Procrastination is _________ mood regulation
Short term
Why might procrastinators switch to a more pleasurable task?
As a means to relieve their negative mood state
What do procrastinators prioritise?
Regulation of immediate mood/short-term mood repair
Procrastinators put an ______ on future self to fulfil intended task
Onus
Procrastination is a common _______ problem, involving the _________ and __________ delay of ________ _________
Self-regulatory
Unnecessary
Voluntary
Intended Tasks
Sirois & Pychyl (2013) said that procrastination is a __________ ___________ behaviour that has consequences for the __________ and ___________
Temporally bound
Future self
Present self
Tice & Bratlavsky (2000) said “procrastination is giving…”
In to feel good
Do procrastinators think about the implications of poor temporal choices?
No
Procrastination
We make choices across timeframes
True or False
True
We procrastinate because we believe that future self…
Can take care of it
There is a lot of ________ on the future self
Expectation
The more we think of future self as distant, the more ___________ it is
Unattainable
Sirois (2013) meta-analysis
What was the research question?
Is procrastination associated with poor HB’s because it is associated with time orientation?
Sirois (2013) meta-analysis
What were the findings?
MODERATE-LARGE NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION between future TO and procrastination
Sirois (2013) meta-analysis
What was the conclusion?
Procrastinators are not thinking about future
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014)
What did this study measure?
The extent to which people relate their current self & future self
- For number of choices
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014)
This study hypothesised that people who did not feel connected to their future self did not feel a sense of…
Self-continuity
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!, Sirois, 2014)
The study found that procrastination was negatively correlated with….(2)
- Health promoting behaviours
2. Emotional closeness to future self
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!, Sirois, 2014)
The study found that emotional closeness to future self was positively correlated with…
- Health promoting behaviours
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 1, Sirois, 2014)
This study concluded…
Procrastinators don’t feel close to future selves
Procrastination and future self perceptions (study 2!!!! Sirois, 2014)
What was the RQ?
Does feeling distant from future self predict HB’s?
Vividly imagining and describing a future self could increase…
Future self-continuity
Motivations to change HBs
Future self-continuity
Motivations to change HBs
^ Asking participants to…. increased this ^
Imagine and describe future self
As stress goes up, health behaviours…
Go down
Procrastinators experience STRESS which activates a…
Stress-initated cognitive shifts focus towards IMMEDIATE CONCERNS
Activation of brain areas involved in threat detection (2)
- Fight or flight
2. Goleman’s amygdala hijack
Threat/stress narrows our temporal…
Focus
Threat narrows our….
Temporal focus
Threat narrows our _______ focus
Temporal
It’s hard to think ______ and _______ when our temporal focus is narrowed
Broadly
Abstractly
It is hypothesised that PROCRASTINATION leads to POOR HEALTH via two pathways…
- Stress
2. Health behaviours
Procrastination is linked to _____ stress
Higher
Procrastinators delay making medical appointments and experience a greater number of health problems.
True or false?
True
Do procrastinators engage in MORE or LESS health promoting/protective behaviours?
Less
Future time orientation is thinking _________________ when you make decisions
About the future
Stress Orientation Hypothesis
Stress cognitive shifts orient focus away from future
Activation of areas of brain associated with threat
Narrows temporal focus
Stress Orientation Hypothesis proposes that stress narrows the temporal focus AND f….
Foreshortens the temporal horizon with respect to behavioural outcomes
