Time Orientation and Health Flashcards
What is time orientation?
Tendency to be motivated by one temporal frame over another
Time orientation is developed and reinforced over time, becoming a…
Cognitive temporal bias
Time orientation is _______ and __________ over time, becoming a cognitive temporal bias
Developed
Reinforced
Time Orientation is split into three temporal frames…
Past
Present
Future
If you favour one temporal frame over another, it becomes a cognitive temporal bias that with chronic use becomes
A trait-like tendency
William James suggested that we have a d…
Different self every day
(William James) integration of temporally partitioned selves is a form of…
Self continuity
Two major contributors to Obesity epidemic
Physical inactivity
Unhealthy diet
Health behaviours are the prototypical…
Self-regulation task
Self continuity is integration of t..
Temporally partitioned selves
The ability to regulate ones behaviour is known as
Self regulation
Self regulation involves making _________ choices
Inter-temporal
3 behaviours that link time orientation to health?
1) Preventative health behaviours
2) Health-promoting behaviours
3) Health-risky behaviours
Cancer and diabetes screenings, sunscreen use are all examples of…
Preventative health behaviours
Healthy eating, exercise and stress management are all examples of…
Health promoting behaviours
What is an example of a preventative health behaviour
Sunscreen use
What is a health risky behaviour example?
Smoking
Health-risky behaviours are _______ time orientation and _____________ orientation
Present
Low future
Health promoting behaviours are _____________ time orientation
Future
Health behaviour intentions are inherently _________________
Future oriented
Preventative health behaviours, health promoting behaviours and health risky behaviours are all…
Inter-temporal choices
Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)
Cross-sectional study of BMI
What was the aim?
Researchers wanted to map BMI onto time orientation
Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)
Cross-sectional study of BMI
Pps with high levels of future time orientation were…
Less likely to be obese
Hall, Fong and Sansone (2015)
Cross-sectional study of BMI
What was thought to explain the relationship between time orientation and BMI?
Health behaviours
One study suggested that non-smokers have more future time orientation. However, this explanation is limited by…
Cultural differences
Smoking behaviours are influenced by…
A number of different factors
Smoking behaviours are influenced by a number of different factors
For example, in China
Smokers are MORE likely to have FTO
Temporal framing and Type 2 diabetes study (Orwell & Haggar, 2006)
What was found from high CFC individuals?
More sensitive to distant consequences
Both positive and negative
Temporal framing/T2 Diabetes tudy. Which individuals were more likely to be…
More sensitive to distant consequences
Both positive and negative
High CDC (future-oriented)
Why might time perspective be difficult to change?
Temporal bias that has developed over time through choice-reward framework
Why might researchers try and sell to peoples individual time-perspectives rather than trying to change them?
TP’s are very difficult to change as they are a temporal bias
One study looking at message framing for health messages
What was found for LOW CFC individuals (high in present) when the message was framed as immediate?
Intentions almost identical to those with high FT
One study looking at message framing for health messages
What was found for LOW CFC individuals (high in present)
When message framed as immediate benefits
Intentions similar to high FT
One study looking at message framing for health messages
In what condition did present-time oriented people’s intentions match high-future-oriented peoples?
When message was framed as having immediate benefits
Don’t change the time orientation, change the _________
Message
We naturally and non-naturally assign ________ categories to help add more ________ and _________ to the flow of our experiences
Temporal
Structure
Order
Time orientation is primarily linked to health via
Its association with health behaviours
Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) believed that if you favour one temporal frame over another, ti becomes a…
Cognitive temporal bias
