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246 S2 > Obesity (social influence) > Flashcards

Obesity (social influence) Flashcards

1
Q

The ‘social facilitation’ of eating refers to the effect whereby…

A

People eat more in groups than alone

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2
Q

People eat more in groups than when they’re alone. This is referred to as -

A

Social facilitation

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3
Q

What phenomena did de Castro & de Castro (1989) do research into?

A

Social facilitation

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4
Q

Method to assess food consumption behaviour

A

Food diary data

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5
Q

What did de Castro x2 (1989) find regarding social facilitation?

A

Pps ate 44% more when eating with others compared to alone

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6
Q

4 Limitations of de Castro x2 (1989) research on social facilitation?

A

1) Self-report
2) Correlational data
3) Alcohol increases food intake
4) Tend to eat with family/friends

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7
Q

de Castro & de Castro (1989) - what was the method?

A

Food diary data - 7 days

Social setting recorded (self or with others)

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8
Q

Research by Clendenen, Herman and Polivy (1994) (social facilitation) aimed to establish…

A

Is SF found under controlled lab settings?

Do effects extend when eating with strangers?

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9
Q

Research by Clendenen, Herman and Polivy (1994)

Method

A

Pps allocated to

Solo
Eat pairs
Eat 4s
Friends/strangers

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10
Q

Research by Clendenen, Herman and Polivy (1994)

Findings - Pairs/Fours

A

Greater intake compared to solo eaters

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11
Q

Research by Clendenen, Herman and Polivy (1994)

Conclusion

A

Social influences are greatest when eating with other ppl rather than strangers

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12
Q

Why does Research by Clendenen, Herman and Polivy (1994) CONTRADICT De Castro?

A

de Castro correlation assumption - the more people, the more eating

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13
Q

4 Explanations for social facilitation of eating

A

1) Time extension theory
2) Arousal
3) Distraction
4) Modelling

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14
Q

What is the Time Extension Theory of social facilitation?

A

Meals take longer in groups –> food cue exposure –> greater intake

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15
Q

What is the Distraction theory of social facilitation?

A

Not monitoring intake

Reduced awareness of fullness

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16
Q

What do EXPERIMENTAL rather than CORRELATIONAL relationships tell us about social influence?

A

They demonstrate a cause and effect relationship!

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17
Q

1) Time extension theory
2) Arousal
3) Distraction
4) Modelling

Are all theories of…

A

Social facilitation of eating

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18
Q

“Not monitoring intake,

Reduced awareness of fullness” - This is a description of what theory?

A

Distraction theory

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19
Q

“Meals take longer in groups –> food cue exposure –> greater intake”

This is a description of what theory?

A

Time Extension Theory

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20
Q

Describe ‘Social Modelling’ as an explanation for social facilitation?

A

Amount social others eat impacts amount eaten

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21
Q

How do experiments regarding social modelling manipulate how much others eat?

A

Confederates who eat large or small amounts

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22
Q

In regards to ‘social modelling’, does it matter who the confederate is?

A

No for males

Yes for females - ate less if confederate was attractive

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23
Q

Why might social modelling be influenced by attractiveness of confederate for females only?

A

Self presentation, eat less to appear more ‘feminine’

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24
Q

What are PERCEIVED social norms?

A

What we believe most do/approve of

25
Q

“What we believe most others do/approve of”

A

Perceived social norms

26
Q

Name two types of perceived social norm (I & D)

A

Descriptive

Injunctive

27
Q

Descriptive
Injunctive

Two examples of…

A

Perceived social norms

28
Q

What is a descriptive perceived social norm?

A

Perceptions about what other people tend to do

29
Q

“Perceptions about what other people tend to do” - this is an example of

A

A descriptive perceived social norm

30
Q

What is an injunctive social norm?

A

Perceptions of what others approve of

31
Q

de Castro & de Castro named their finding…

A

Social correlation

32
Q

Why did de Castro x2 name their finding social correlation?

A

As number of people increased, food intake increased

33
Q

Why is de Castro x2’s study being correlational a limitation?

A

Cannot establish cause & effect - other explanations?

34
Q

4 explanations for social facilitation

A

1) time extension theory
2) arousal
3) distraction
4) social modelling

35
Q

“We aren’t monitoring intake so have a reduced awareness of fullness” - which explanation for social facilitation is this?

A

Distraction

36
Q

Arousal can either _____ or ______ appetite

A

Activate

Suppress

37
Q

Time Extension Theory is the idea that when we eat with others…

A

Time eating is extended (interaction), meal is spread out

38
Q

What is social modelling

A

The amount social others eat impacts the amount eating

39
Q

“We eat similar amounts to our friends in a group”

What is this?

A

Social modelling

40
Q

What do studies use to examine the effects of social modelling?

A

Confederates

41
Q

Conger et al., (1980) found that when confederates eat small amounts…

A

Participants do to

42
Q

Robinson (2014) measured fruit and veg intake after a descriptive/injuctive social norm message. What was found?

A

Descriptive norms = > veg intake for low veg consumers

43
Q

Example of a descriptive norm based message

A

Most people here choose to eat fruit and vegetables with their lunch

44
Q

Example of an indicative norm message

A

A majority of HS students think other HS students should eat more fruit

45
Q

Generally, ______ social norms have little effect

A

Injunctive

46
Q

Generally, indicative social norms have ______ effect

A

Little

47
Q

A dynamic social norm provides…

A

Information on how other people’s behaviour is changing over time

48
Q

Study of DYNAMIC SOCIAL NORMS (Sparkman & Walton, 2017)

What was the experimental/control group:

A

Experimental: dynamic norm
Control: static norm

49
Q

Difference between dynamic norm and static norm

A

Dynamic norm describes how behaviour is CHANGING

50
Q

Study of DYNAMIC SOCIAL NORMS (Sparkman & Walton, 2017)

Which group was the interest higher for for changing behaviour?

A

Dynamic reported more interest in changing

51
Q

Benefits of social norm findings…

A
  • Inform about appropriate portion size

- Apply to public health interventions

52
Q

The EFFECT OF SOCIAL INFLUENCES CAN VARY DEPENDING ON…

A

1) Need for social acceptance
2) In vs outgroup
3) Body weight

53
Q

How might need for social acceptance influence the effects of social influence on eating?

A

Low self esteem/high empathy - greater modelling

54
Q

Low/high self esteem and low/high empathy are associated with greater social modelling

A

Low

High

55
Q

Low/high self esteem and low/high empathy are associated with LESS social modelling

A

High

Low

56
Q

How might body weight impact whether an individual is affected by social influence?

A

More modelling if social other is same weight

57
Q

How might in-group/out-group norms affect whether an individual is impacted by social norms?

A

Undesirable outgroup eats healthily = unhealthy eating and vice versa

58
Q

The effect of social norm messages can depend on the type used. I.e.

A

Descriptive more effective than injunctive

246 S2 (18 decks)

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