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246 S2 > Health 1 > Flashcards

Health 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we account for variability in behaviours/health?

A

Individual differences

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2
Q

Cognitions represent our…

A

Beliefs/attitudes

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3
Q

Are cognitions intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Intrinsic

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4
Q

Cognitions are a target for..

A

Interventions to change behaviour

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5
Q

Cognitions can explain activities that promote ________ and …..

A

Health

Prevent disease

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6
Q

__________ can explain activities that promote health and prevent disease

A

Cognitions

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7
Q

What do social cognition models describe?

A

Key cognitions & their interrelations in regulation of health and behaviour

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8
Q

What do social cognition models predict

A

WHO performs health behaviours

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9
Q

What do social cognition models target

A

Cognitive targets for intervention

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10
Q

What do health cognitions differentiate between

A

people who do and do not perform health behaviours

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11
Q

Continuum theories posit…

A

People likely to perform a behaviour based on a position on a continuum

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12
Q

A Likert scale is an example of

A

A continuum

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13
Q

What are two examples of Continuum theories

A

Health Belief Model & Theory of Planned Behaviour

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14
Q

Stage models posit…

A

People move through ‘stages’ towards behaviour

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15
Q

Example of a stage model

A

Transtheoretical model

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16
Q

The Health Belief Model believes individual representation of health behaviour (in relation to illness threat) can be divided into…

A

1) Perceptions of illness threat
2) Evaluations of behaviour to counteract the threat (benefit and costs of alternative actions)
3) Cues to action

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17
Q

(Health Belief Model)

External/internal cues involve…

A

Symptoms

Media campaigns

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18
Q

Difference between Motivational and Volitional stages of behaviour change?

A

Motivation - decisional/planning stage

Volitional - practical stage; changes being made

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19
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

A

2 behaviour change stages
Motivational
Volitional

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20
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

Motivational stage consists of (4)

A

Outcome expectancies

Risk perceptions

Perceived self-efficacy

Goal intentions

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21
Q

Health Action Processes Approach (Schwarzer)

Volitional stage consists of (4)

A

Action plans

Action control

Health action

Barriers and resources

22
Q

Motivational and Volitional behaviour stages are components of…

A

The Health Action Processes Approach

23
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

What was the CONCLUSION

A

Greater INTENTION = more likely to use helmets

24
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

What were the control and intervention groups?

A

Control = general helmet messages

Intervention = persuasive messages influencing beliefs

25
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

Were intentions more positive in the control or experimental group?

A

Intervention group

26
Q

Quinn et al., 2001
Safety Helmets study

What theory was the study based on?

A

The theory of planned behaviour

27
Q

Who conducted the Safety Helmets study and what theory was it based on?

A

Quinn et al

Theory of planned behaviour

28
Q

Harman’s review of TPB health behaviour intentions revealed that…

A

TPB interventions only had small-medium effects on intention + behaviour

29
Q

What did Hardman et al., (2002) identify as the three limitations of TPB health behaviour studies?

A

1) Lack of initial TPB studies
2) How can cognitions be changed
3) Lack of assessment effects on TPB cognitions

30
Q

According to Webb and Sheeran (2006), does changing intention produce a change in behaviour?

A

M/L change in intention produced S/M change in behaviour

31
Q

Webb & Sheeran (2006) revealed that a M/L change in intention only produces a S/M change in behaviour. What is this?

A

Intention-behaviour gap

32
Q

Research (Sheeran) into the intention-behaviour gap looked at those who…

A

Intend to do a behaviour & whether they change it or not

33
Q

Lots of people intend to change their behaviour, but not as many actually do it. What is this called?

A

Intention-behaviour gap

34
Q

Sheeran (2002) identified FOUR types of people in his research into intention-behaviour gap

A

1) Inclined actor (intention + change)
2) Inclined abstainer (intention + no change)
3) Disinclined actor (no intention + change)
4) Disinclined abstainer (no intention + no change)

35
Q

Inclined actor, inclined abstainer….

A

Disinclined actor, disinclined abstainer

36
Q

Name one way of bridging the intention-behaviour gap

A

Implementation intention

37
Q

What is IMPLEMENTATION INTENTION?

A

Specifying the when, where and how of what one will do

38
Q

What is an example of an implementation intention? (x, y)

A

I intend to do X when situation Y is encountered

39
Q

Breast self-examination study (Sheeran, 1997) - what was the method?

A

Women given either ‘intention’ instructions or ‘implementation intention instructions’ to check breasts

40
Q

Breast self-examination study (Sheeran, 1997)

What were the results for the implementation intention instruction group?

A

100% actually carried out the behaviour

41
Q

The relationship between the 7 features of a healthy lifestyle was so strong that they proposed…

A

Ppl > 75 who carried out all behaviours had health comparable to 30-40

42
Q

The biopsychosocial model of health and illness holds the view that -

A

Health/illness results from the interaction of biological characteristics/psychological processes & social processes

43
Q

______ approach to health explains illness in simple terms, and focuses on illness rather than good health

A

Biomedical approach

44
Q

This approach does not consider the individual as responsible for their ill health

A

Biomedical

45
Q

This approach to health considers all levels of explanation, from micro to macro level

A

Biopsychosocial

46
Q

This approach to health does not consider illness the primary focus, rather the health/illness continuum

A

Biopsychosocial

47
Q

Biopsychosocial approach to health posits that there is a __________, assuming that health and illness have many causes

A

Multi-factor model

48
Q

How many tumours are due to unhealthy lifestyles and thus preventable?

A

43%

49
Q

Health Inequalities

Younger, wealthier and better-educated people are more likely to engage in…

A

Health enhancing behaviours

E.g. good nutrition, exercise

50
Q

Subjective norms are an individuals

A

Perception of the views of important others

246 S2 (18 decks)

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