Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EQM351 > Wound Management Exam 1 > Flashcards

Wound Management Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disinfectants

A

destroy cells from the outside
-need a necessary time length for the action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of wounds

A

-abrasion
-bruising
-hematoma
-contusion
-puncture wound
-incised wound
-laceration
-complicated wounds
-burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abrasion

A

-scrape
-surface wound (hair and top layer of skin)
-usually do not have to do anything for it (sometimes they get infected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematoma

A

collections of extravascular blood that sits in an area
-feels soft/squishy
-usually the body reabsorbs it
-sometimes vets drain it, others don’t want to risk infection with a needle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes hematoma’s?

A

blunt force trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the richest medium for bacteria growth?

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contusion

A

not a collection of blood but the blood is spread out (bruise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes a contusion?

A

blunt force trauma that leads to a bruise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Puncture wound

A

a wound that is deeper than it is wide
-will scab on top before they heal
-sometimes hard to see
-creates an anaerobic environment where some bacteria thrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a bacteria that often thrives in puncture wounds?

A

tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Incision

A

a wound that has clear edges
-can be a cut or from a scalpel
-anything that you can stitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Laceration

A

a wound that has clear edges but more structures are involved
-must be able to staple/stitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complicated wound

A

-a complicated wound
-lots of structures damaged
-takes awhile to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Burn

A

-very problematic
-even if animal is removed from the heat, the heat continues to sink down and damage can occur for hours after
-kills everything (lots of scars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 phases of healing

A

-inflammatory
-granulation
-contraction and epithelization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammatory stage of healing

A

-clot provides scaffolding for new matrix and migration of cells
-phagocytic cells will debride wound
-want to sometimes make the wound bleed again to “wake” up this process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Granulation process of healing

A

-cannot process until blood clots, necrotic tissue, debris, and infection have been eliminated
-angiogenesis for blood supply
-made of loose ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is granulation tissue made?

A

develops 3-6 days post-injury and continues until epithelization occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epithelialization

A

growth of new epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Angiogenesis

A

formation of new blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contraction and epithelialization step of healing

A

-very slow but starts within hours of wounding
-cells migrate centripetally
-healing epithelium is fragile and poorly adherent to underlying tissues
-the wound contracts and a scar is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When do you usually see contraction lines on a wound?

A

after a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What color is granulation tissue?

A

yellowish/pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where to wounds heal and close the best/quickest?

A

in heavily vascularized areas (chest, face, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does granulation tissue become a problem?

A

when it becomes exuberant (proud flesh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the layout of the skin need to be for the injury to heal?

A

inside of the wound needs to be lower than the outside edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Purposes of granulation tissue:

A
  1. provides surface for epithelialization
  2. is resistant to infection
  3. is necessary for wound contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Factors that delay healing

A

-location
-infection
-movement
-wound dimensions
-involvement of deep structures
-poor blood/oxygen supply
-foreign bodies
-sequestrum
-nutritional factor
-previous treatment
-age of wound
-economic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What occurs to wounds in the winter/cold weather?

A

the bleeding stops quickly because of vasoconstriction but healing takes much longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Are foreign bodies the same as foreign objects?

A

NO

31
Q

Sequestrum

A

when the bone underneath the tissue dies (wound will not close until dead bone is removed)

32
Q

Why do lower legs heal slower?

A

-decreased vascular supply
-bone prominences
-no supporting deep musculature
-highly mobile joints
-higher degree of contamination

33
Q

Wound management step 1.

A

hemorrhage control (stop bleeding)

34
Q

Wound management step 2.

A

initial cleaning:
-wash wound with saline or water
-cover with hydrogel before clipping
-clean wound with 0.5% chlorhexidine
-flaps of skin should be lifted and flushed underneath

35
Q

How should betadine be diluted?

A

should be <1% when used on tissues

36
Q

Wound management step 3.

A

wound assessment:
-sterile gloves
-may need anesthesia

37
Q

Wound management step 4.

A

prevention of further injury and contamination

38
Q

Wound management step 5.

A

Wound debridement:
-convert an accidental wound into a surgical wound
-scalpel should be used instead of scissors (will crush the cells)

39
Q

Wound management step 6.

A

Provision of a moist environment:
-water soluble gels instead of petroleum
-creams are better than ointments

40
Q

When are wounds considered contaminated already?

A

wounds that are 6 hours or older

41
Q

Primary wound closure

A

wounds should not be completely closed unless the deep tissues are sterile
-may have to close part of it to keep it from getting infected

42
Q

Suture dehiscence

A

if the suture is too tight
-is a result of infection, skin loss, tension in suture line, marked swelling, etc.

43
Q

3 steps of wound closure:

A

-primary closure
-delayed primary closure
-second intention

44
Q

If they haven’t in the past 6 months what should the horse receive?

A

tetanus vaccination or anti-serum

45
Q

When should antibiotics be used for wounds?

A

-for known or suspected infections and prophylaxis

46
Q

What antibiotics are used initially?

A

parental antibiotics only used initially unless the wound becomes complicated

47
Q

Wound lavage/flushing

A

removes dead tissue, bacteria, foreign matter without compromising the physiological status of the new forming tissue

48
Q

2 main factors of wound flushing:

A
  1. type of fluid
  2. pressure
49
Q

Types of fluids:

A

-saline
-water
-povidone-iodine (0.1-1%)
-chlorhexidine (0.05%-1%)
-hydrogen peroxide

50
Q

Why are buttons used in stitches sometimes?

A

used for highly mobile areas of the body
-when the horse moves it puts pressure on the buttons instead of the sutures themselves

51
Q

What are polo wraps used for?

A

mainly to protect the skin and for looks

52
Q

What are quilts/pillows used for?

A

to distribute the pressure evenly around the leg

53
Q

What happens if wraps are not wrapped with even pressure?

A

can cause corded tendon

54
Q

Should you bandage just one leg?

A

no, if one is bandaged, bandage the other to even out pressure

55
Q

Arterial bleeding

A

-bright red
-under high pressure

56
Q

How to control arterial bleeding

A

-direct pressure over the site or in the arterial tree on the heart side of the injury
-may need to for 10-15 min.
-or a pressure bandage

57
Q

What can be effective in causing rapid vasoconstriction?

A

adrenaline swabs

58
Q

Venous bleeding

A

-usually slower
-dark red/purple blood color

59
Q

How can venous bleeding be controlled?

A

-direct pressure with a saline soaked swab for a few minutes
-application of a firm bandage (tight pressure bandage is usually not necessary)

60
Q

Capillary bleeding

A

-slow
-small volume
-can either be bright or dark in color

61
Q

How can capillary bleeding be controlled?

A

-natural hemostasis
-cold compresses/ice packs will cause capillary constriction

62
Q

What should be explored digitally to figure out on a wound?

A
  1. depth of wound
  2. direction of the damage
  3. extent of the damage
  4. precise tissues and structure involved
63
Q

When is a wound considered infected?

A

beyond 6-8 hours after the injury

64
Q

What are the primary objective of dressing?

A

-enhance and support the healing process
-decrease contamination and further infection at the wound site
-minimize edema
-absorb exudate
-maintain a high humidity and moist wound environment
-maintain a local temperature
-lower the pH at the sire
-allow gaseous exchange
-immobilize the wound site
-protect site from further trauma

65
Q

How long can most dressings be safely left on?

A

4-6 days

66
Q

Why should dressings be changed?

A

to avoid bacterial overgrowth and further infection of the wound
-to avoid tissue necrosis

67
Q

Hydrogels

A

-donate moisture to the wound
-physiologically sound
-expensive
-require primary dressing to keep it on the wound

68
Q

Hydrocolloids

A

-composite products based on naturally occuring hydrophillic polymers
-absorbs water from the skin around the wound so it adheres easily
-contains an expanding gel that gently forces itself into the wound

69
Q

Collagen dressings

A

-based on bovine type 1 collagen
-provide suitable environment for migration of cells
-powder form or plaster form
-only small sizes are available

70
Q

Alginates

A

-certain species of seaweed
-flat-layered fabric type
-encourages coagulation from fibrous nature
-gel forms
-useful in bleeding wounds

71
Q

Activated charcoal

A

-controls odor
-absorbs bacteria
-inhibitory effect on granulation tissue

72
Q

Hydrophilic Polymeric Foams

A

-absorb exudate while maintaining a moist surface
-many shapes and sizes
-fluid is absorbed from wound site into the foam center

73
Q

Exudate from a wound can be:

A

-hemorrhage
-serum/plasma exudation
-inflammatory fluids

EQM351 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions