Intro to GI Tract Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

process of breaking down complex nutrients into simple molecules (so they can be absorbed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Absorption

A

process of transporting simple molecules across intestinal epithelium into bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Digestion in the mouth:

A

teeth grind food (chewing) and cover it in saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Saliva

A

-lubricates food so it can pass through the esophagus
-buffers the stomach
-starts digesting starches (but not much)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When do horses produce saliva?

A

only when chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Choke

A

food is stuck (not chewed or lubricated enough) in the esophagus
-can lead to aspiration pneumonia
-EMERGENCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Esophagus

A

tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
-no secretion
-just peristalsis (pushing food forward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stomach

A

-gastric juices
-stomach acid secreted all the time (unlike humans-only when we eat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the stomach digest?

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the cardiac valve?

A

closes off food from going from the stomach back to the esophagus (horses cannot vomit or eructate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the small intestine digest?

A

enzymatic digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bile

A

-produced by the liver
-digests fat in the SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pancrease

A

helps in the digestion of protein, fat, and starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the majority of sugars absorbed?

A

small intestine (leads to increase in blood glucose 30 min after a meal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is absorbed in the small intestine?

A

-vitamins
-minerals
-sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is secreted into the small intestine?

A

bile and large volumes of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What raises risk of choke?

A

-bad teeth
-coarse hay
-dry hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What valve separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

A

ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

-cecum
-large colon
-small colon

22
Q

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

A

water and water-soluble proteins

23
Q

Large intestine

A

microbial fermentation of material that was not digested in the small intestine (fiber)

24
Q

Water moves via…

25
Hypoosmotic
sends water to areas with less solutes
26
Hyperosmotic
sends water to areas with more solutes
27
Everything we eat is considered hyper or hypoosmotic?
hyperosmotic
28
What causes gastric ulcers?
if horses do not have food in their stomachs, gastric juices can splash up
29
How long does food stay in the stomach
not long (feed/concentrates stay longer)
30
How long can it take for digestion to complete?
up to 2 days
31
Pyloric sphiincter
the valve from the stomach to the small intestine
32
Glandular region of the stomach
contains glands that secrete mucus, gastric juices, and digestive enzymes -the mucus protects the stomach lining (prostaglandins)
33
Aglandular region of the stomach
Rougher lining, no secretions, can be harmed by stomach acid
34
What are the 3 types of plant carbohydrates?
-fiber -sugars -starches
35
Fiber
structural part of plants and an important energy source for herbivores -cannot be digested by mammalian enzymes (needs to be broken down by microbes through fermentation)
36
When does grass have the most fiber/water?
when it is young
37
What does eating young grass cause?
-cowpie/loose feces -causes bloat -usually in the spring
38
What influences water movement?
water moves in whatever direction necessary to keep ingesta iso-osmotic -entering the gut when ingesta is hyperosmotic -leaving the gut when ingesta is hypo-osmotic
39
What is water absorption dependent on?
nutrient absorption
40
Diarrhea
-increase in frequency of defecation or fecal volume -volume is an increase in water content -mismatch between secretion and absorption
41
What is water in the GI tract a sum of?
-ingested water -water secreted in intestines
42
Water absorbed is ____ than the _____ of water ingested and water secreted leaving water for the passage of feces
less; sum
43
What can happen if ingesta is too dry?
it can cause impaction colic
44
When does diarrhea occur?
when absorption is inadequate to recover secreted water -generally because of loss of GI epithelium (bacterial, viral, or protozoal infection)
45
How does infection lead to diarrhea?
it destroys villi, which impedes nutrient absorption, leading to impaired water absorption
46
What sometimes happens to horses that have diarrhea at a young age?
they often don't return to normal
47
What happens to horses when they get diarrhea?
they get dehydrated quickly
48
Where does the majority of gastric ulcers occur?
in the aglandular part of the stomach
49
What type of horse is more prone to pyloric ulcers?
warmbloods
50
Pyloric ulcer is ______ to treat
hard
51
Concentrates increase or decrease the pH of the gut?
decrease
52
What is needed to buffer the stomach?
calcium