Nervous System Exam 2 Flashcards
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord (protected by the skull and spinal column)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
cranial and spinal nerves (somatic) and autonomic nervous system
Where do cranial nerves originate?
in the brain
Where do spinal nerves originate?
in the spinal cord
Where do nerves come out of from the brain to the spinal cord?
the magnum foreamen
Forebrain/cerebral hemisphere
outer gray matter (neocortex) and inner white matter of the brain
What does the neocortex deal with?
memory and consciousness
What does the olfactory bulb deal with?
sense of smell
Where is the olfactory bulb located?
forebrain
Midbrain/Mesencephalon
visual, auditory, and some olfactory information
-controls the hindbrain sensors
Hindbrain is made up of:
the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata
What does the cerebellum do?
coordinates and regulates motor activities
What does the medulla oblongata and pons control?
breathing and linked to emotional and behavioral responses
What are the two branches of the somatic nervous system?
motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent)
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the two branches of the PNS?
somatic and autonomic
Proprioception
your body knows where you are in perspective to the world (ex: clumsy people lack proprioception)
What side of the body does the right side of the brain control?
the left side
What side of the body does the left side of the brain control?
the right side
Sensory nerves
bring info to the brain
Motor nerves
brings info from the brain out to the body
Can nerves be both sensory and motor?
yes
Is the olfactory nerve sensory or motor?
sensory
Olfactory nerve function
sense of smell
Is the optic nerve sensory or motor?
sensory
Optic nerve function
vision
Is the oculomotor nerve sensory or motor?
motor
Oculomotor nerve function
moves eye
Is the trochlear nerve sensory or motor?
motor
Trochlear nerve function
eye movement
Is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor?
both
Trigeminal nerve function
moves lower jaw/lip (herpes virus hides in this ganglia)
Is the abducent nerve sensory or motor?
motor
Abducent nerve function
abducts the eye
Is the facial nerve sensory or motor?
both
Is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory or motor?
sensory
Facial nerve function
facial expressions and some taste
Vestibulocochlear nerve function
hearing
Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor?
both
Glossopharyngeal nerve function
move pharynx and larynx
Is the vagus nerve sensory or motor?
both
Vagus nerve function
-basil activities (slows HR, helps with digestions)
-activated by acetylcholine
Is the spinal accessory nerve sensory or motor?
motor
Spinal accessory nerve function
movement of head and neck
Is the hypoglossal nerve sensory or motor?
motor
Hypoglossal nerve function
movement of tongue
What is the spinal cord made up of?
bundles of nerve fibers
What is the spinal cords function?
carry messages to and from the brain (the link between the brain and PNS)
Where does the spinal cord start/medulla oblongata end?
at the foramen magnum
Where does the spinal cord end?
at the sacrum
Where is white matter on the spinal cord?
on the outside
Where is grey matter on the spinal cord?
on the inside (opposite of brain)
What encases the brain and spinal cord?
meninges (3 layers)
What helps cushion the brain and spinal cord?
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Dura mater
outermost meninx layer
-fibrous consistency
Arachnoid
intermediate meninx layer
-a little rougher than Pia mater but not as rough as dura mater
Subarachnoid space
in between arachnoid and pia mater
-contains CSF
Pia mater
thinnest meninx layer
-closest to brain or spinal cord
-very sensitive
Meningitis
infection of one of the meninges
Epidural
injected into the dura mater
CSF
-cushions the brain and spinal cord
-gives nutrients to the nervous system
Somatic nerves
voluntary (skeletal) movement
Sensory (afferent) nerves
messages sent from the body (muscles) to the brain
Motor nerves (efferent)
messages sent from the brain to the body (muscles)
Autonomic nerves
controls the body’s involuntary activities
-HR
-gut movements
-sweating
-etc
Sympathetic nervous system
involved with flight or fight responses
-increased HR
-increased BP
-dry mouth
-sweat
-dilated pupils
-dilated bronchioles
-slows gut movements
-contracts anal/bladder sphincter
Parasympathetic nervous system
involved with basil functions
-“rest and digest”
-basil HR
-basil RR
-gland secretions
-etc.
Spinal cord segment formula
C6 T18 L6 S5 Cd15-21
How does a spinal cord injury heal?
only caudal to the site of the injury
