WOUND AND WOUND CARE

Question 1

two types of wound according to intent

Answer 1

intentional
unintentional

Question 2

two types of wound according to skin surface

Answer 2

open wound
closed wound

Question 3

Result of planned therapy or treatment that requires
invasive measures ; edges are clean and bleeding is controlled ; risk of infection is decreased ; ex. surgical incisions, IV, punctures

Answer 3

intentional wound

Question 4

accidental, occurs from unexpected trauma ; jagged edges and bleeding is uncontrolled ; high risk for infection and longer healing time ; ex. accidents, burns

Answer 4

unintentional wound

Question 5

classfications of wound according to possibility and degree of contamination

Answer 5

clean wound
clean contaminated
contamined
dirty or infected

Question 6

uninfected wound in which minimal inflammation is
encountered ; not enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary tracts ; close wounds

Answer 6

clean wounds

Question 7

surgical wound which enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary ; no evidence of infection

Answer 7

clean contaminated wound

Question 8

open, fresh, accidental, or surgical wound involving a
major break in sterile technique or with a major
contamination from the gastrointestinal system ; inflamed tissue and high risk for infection

Answer 8

contaminated wound

Question 9

wound containing dead tissue and with evidence of clinical infection

Answer 9

dirty or infected wound

Question 10

confined to skin (epidermis an dermis) and heals by regeneration

Answer 10

partial thickness

Question 11

involves dermis, epidermis subcu, and possibly muscle and bone ; requires connective tissue repair

Answer 11

full thickness

Question 12

classification of wound according to healing time

Answer 12

acute
chronic

Question 13

what are the 2 classfications of wound

Answer 13

partial thickness
full thickness

Question 14

this type of wound usually hels within days to weeks, edges are well approximated ; risk for infection is lessened

Answer 14

acute wound

Question 15

do not progress through normal sequence of repair ; edges are not approximated ; infection is increased ; healing time is delayed

Answer 15

chronic wound

Question 16

it is an open wound, edges in close approximation and aligned ; cutting by sharp instrument

Answer 16

incision

Question 17

open wound ; tissues are torn and edges are jagged ; blunt instrument, machinery

Answer 17

laceration

Question 18

open wound ; rubbing or scraping the epidermal layer of the skin

Answer 18

abrasion

Question 19

open wound, penetration of the skin and often underlying tissues by a sharp instrument such as a needle

Answer 19

puncture

Question 20

it is an open wound ; penetration of the skin and undelying tissues usually unintentional

Answer 20

penetrating wound

Question 21

open wound ; tearing a structure from normal anatomic position causing possible damage to blood vessels, nerves and other structures

Answer 21

avulsion

Question 22

close wound ; results in soft tissue damage and ruptured blood vessels ; blow from a hard object

Answer 22

contusion or bruise

Question 23

open or closed wound ; secretion and release of toxins by living organisms

Answer 23

microbial

Question 24

open or closed wound ; chemical agents such as acids

Answer 24

chemical

Question 25

open or closed wound ; extremely high or low temperature

Answer 25

thermal

Question 26

open or closed wound ; ultraviolet light or radiation exposure

Answer 26

irradiation

Question 27

what are the 4 phases of wound healing

Answer 27

hemostasis inflammation proliferation or granulation remodeling or maturation

Question 28

it is a process of tissue response to injury ; injured tissues are repaired by physiologic mechanisms that regenerate functioning cells and replace connective tissue cells with scar tissue

Answer 28

wound healing

Question 29

type of healing that occurs where the tissue surfaces have been approximated and there is minimal or no tissue loss ; formation of minimal granulation and scarring

Answer 29

primary intention healing

Question 30

For wound that is extensive and involves considerable tissue loss and in which edges cannot or should not be approximated ; closure is undesirable due to poor circulation ; wounds are sutured after the initial stage ; ex. pressure ulcer

Answer 30

secondary intention healing

Question 31

for delayed or secondary closure or late closure ; reason to delay suturing a wound or whe primary closure or a wound is undesirable

Answer 31

tertiary intention healing

Question 32

the phases of wound healing

Answer 32

inflammatory reconstruction maturation

Question 33

Vascular and cellular responses are immediately initiated when tissue is cut or injured ; transient vasoconstriction ; dilation of small venules ; localized vasodilation ; lasts 1-5 days

Answer 33

inflammatory

Question 34

fibroblasts multiply ; endothelial budding occurs ; granulation tissue ; active collagen synthesis ; by 3 weeks skin obtains 30% of preinjury tensile strength ; lasts 2-20 days

Answer 34

proliferation

Question 35

scar tissue ; lysis and regeneration ; formation of scar ; collagen production drops off ; normal maturation ; lasts 21 days

Answer 35

maturation phase

Question 36

The physiological changes ; reduced skin elasticity and collagen replacement

Answer 36

age

Question 37

drugs that reduce healing rates by interrupting cell division or the clotting process.

Answer 37

immunosupression

Question 38

impairs wound healing by diminishing sensation and arterial inflow

Answer 38

diabetes

Question 39

bacterial contamination

Answer 39

infection

Question 40

steroids and antimetabolites impede proliferation or fibroblasts and collagen synthesis

Answer 40

drugs

Question 41

protein calorie malnutrition and deficiencies of vitamins

Answer 41

nutritional problems

Question 42

resulting from local or systemic ischemia or radiation injury, impairs wound healing.

Answer 42

tissue necrosis

Question 43

Inadequate tissue oxygenation due to local vasoconstriction resulting from sympathetic overactivity may occur because of blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, or hypothermia, especially involving the distal extent of the extremities.

Answer 43

hypoxia

Question 44

this leads to local tissue ischemia and necrosis

Answer 44

excessive wound edges

Question 45

Competition between several healing areas for the substrates required for wound healing impairs wound healing at all sites.

Answer 45

another wound

Question 46

relatively low tissue temp in distal aspects of the upper and lower extremities

Answer 46

low temprature

Question 47

oxygenation and tissue perfusion

Answer 47

smoking

Question 48

Bleeding from an acute wound is normal during and immediately after initial trauma but hemostasis, which is cessation of bleeding by vasoconstriction and coagulation usually occurs within several minutes.

Answer 48

hemorrhage

Question 49

symptoms of internal bleeding are

Answer 49

hypovolemic shock swelling of the affected body part

Question 50

a collection of clotted blood, is a localized collection of blood underneath tissues, often reappearing as a bluish swelling or mass.

Answer 50

hematoma

Question 51

Bacterial wound infection inhibits healing by increasing tissue damage and altering healing process ; symtoms include purulent drainage, increased drainage, pain, redness, swelling

Answer 51

infection

Question 52

It is the partial or total separation of layers of skin and tissue above the fascia in a wound that is not healing properly ; When serosanguineous drainage increases from a wound

Answer 52

dehiscence

Question 53

It occurs when wound layers separate below the fascial layer and visceral organs may protrude through the wound opening ; medical emergency which requires placement of sterile towels soaked in sterile saline

Answer 53

evisceration

Question 54

an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another ; can result from wound healing problem

Answer 54

fistula