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NCM 101 > WOUND AND WOUND CARE > Flashcards

WOUND AND WOUND CARE Flashcards

1
Q

two types of wound according to intent

A

intentional
unintentional

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2
Q

two types of wound according to skin surface

A

open wound
closed wound

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3
Q

Result of planned therapy or treatment that requires
invasive measures ; edges are clean and bleeding is controlled ; risk of infection is decreased ; ex. surgical incisions, IV, punctures

A

intentional wound

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4
Q

accidental, occurs from unexpected trauma ; jagged edges and bleeding is uncontrolled ; high risk for infection and longer healing time ; ex. accidents, burns

A

unintentional wound

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5
Q

classfications of wound according to possibility and degree of contamination

A

clean wound
clean contaminated
contamined
dirty or infected

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6
Q

uninfected wound in which minimal inflammation is
encountered ; not enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary tracts ; close wounds

A

clean wounds

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7
Q

surgical wound which enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary ; no evidence of infection

A

clean contaminated wound

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8
Q

open, fresh, accidental, or surgical wound involving a
major break in sterile technique or with a major
contamination from the gastrointestinal system ; inflamed tissue and high risk for infection

A

contaminated wound

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9
Q

wound containing dead tissue and with evidence of clinical infection

A

dirty or infected wound

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10
Q

confined to skin (epidermis an dermis) and heals by regeneration

A

partial thickness

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11
Q

involves dermis, epidermis subcu, and possibly muscle and bone ; requires connective tissue repair

A

full thickness

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12
Q

classification of wound according to healing time

A

acute
chronic

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13
Q

what are the 2 classfications of wound

A

partial thickness
full thickness

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14
Q

this type of wound usually hels within days to weeks, edges are well approximated ; risk for infection is lessened

A

acute wound

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15
Q

do not progress through normal sequence of repair ; edges are not approximated ; infection is increased ; healing time is delayed

A

chronic wound

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16
Q

it is an open wound, edges in close approximation and aligned ; cutting by sharp instrument

A

incision

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17
Q

open wound ; tissues are torn and edges are jagged ; blunt instrument, machinery

A

laceration

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18
Q

open wound ; rubbing or scraping the epidermal layer of the skin

A

abrasion

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19
Q

open wound, penetration of the skin and often underlying tissues by a sharp instrument such as a needle

A

puncture

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20
Q

it is an open wound ; penetration of the skin and undelying tissues usually unintentional

A

penetrating wound

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21
Q

open wound ; tearing a structure from normal anatomic position causing possible damage to blood vessels, nerves and other structures

A

avulsion

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22
Q

close wound ; results in soft tissue damage and ruptured blood vessels ; blow from a hard object

A

contusion or bruise

23
Q

open or closed wound ; secretion and release of toxins by living organisms

A

microbial

24
Q

open or closed wound ; chemical agents such as acids

A

chemical

25
Q

open or closed wound ; extremely high or low temperature

A

thermal

26
Q

open or closed wound ; ultraviolet light or radiation exposure

A

irradiation

27
Q

what are the 4 phases of wound healing

A

hemostasis
inflammation
proliferation or granulation
remodeling or maturation

28
Q

it is a process of tissue response to injury ; injured tissues are repaired by physiologic mechanisms that regenerate functioning cells and replace connective tissue cells with scar tissue

A

wound healing

29
Q

type of healing that occurs where the tissue surfaces have been approximated and there is minimal or no tissue loss ; formation of minimal granulation and scarring

A

primary intention healing

30
Q

For wound that is extensive and involves considerable tissue loss and in which edges cannot or should not be approximated ; closure is undesirable due to poor circulation ; wounds are sutured after the initial stage ; ex. pressure ulcer

A

secondary intention healing

31
Q

for delayed or secondary closure or late closure ; reason to delay suturing a wound or whe primary closure or a wound is undesirable

A

tertiary intention healing

32
Q

the phases of wound healing

A

inflammatory
reconstruction
maturation

33
Q

Vascular and cellular responses are immediately initiated when tissue is cut or injured ; transient vasoconstriction ; dilation of small venules ; localized vasodilation ; lasts 1-5 days

A

inflammatory

34
Q

fibroblasts multiply ; endothelial budding occurs ; granulation tissue ; active collagen synthesis ; by 3 weeks skin obtains 30% of preinjury tensile strength ; lasts 2-20 days

A

proliferation

35
Q

scar tissue ; lysis and regeneration ; formation of scar ; collagen production drops off ; normal maturation ; lasts 21 days

A

maturation phase

36
Q

The physiological changes ; reduced skin elasticity and collagen replacement

A

age

37
Q

drugs that reduce healing rates by interrupting cell division or the clotting process.

A

immunosupression

38
Q

impairs wound healing by diminishing sensation and arterial inflow

A

diabetes

39
Q

bacterial contamination

A

infection

40
Q

steroids and antimetabolites impede proliferation or fibroblasts and collagen synthesis

A

drugs

41
Q

protein calorie malnutrition and deficiencies of vitamins

A

nutritional problems

42
Q

resulting from local or systemic ischemia or radiation injury,
impairs wound healing.

A

tissue necrosis

43
Q

Inadequate tissue oxygenation due to local vasoconstriction resulting from sympathetic overactivity may occur because of blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, or hypothermia,
especially involving the distal extent of the extremities.

A

hypoxia

44
Q

this leads to local tissue ischemia and necrosis

A

excessive wound edges

45
Q

Competition between several healing areas for the substrates required for wound healing impairs wound
healing at all sites.

A

another wound

46
Q

relatively low tissue temp in distal aspects of the upper and lower extremities

A

low temprature

47
Q

oxygenation and tissue perfusion

A

smoking

48
Q

Bleeding from an acute wound is normal during
and immediately after initial trauma but
hemostasis, which is cessation of bleeding by
vasoconstriction and coagulation usually occurs
within several minutes.

A

hemorrhage

49
Q

symptoms of internal bleeding are

A

hypovolemic shock
swelling of the affected body part

50
Q

a collection of clotted blood,
is a localized collection of blood
underneath tissues, often reappearing as a
bluish swelling or mass.

A

hematoma

51
Q

Bacterial wound infection inhibits healing
by increasing tissue damage and altering
healing process ; symtoms include purulent drainage, increased drainage, pain, redness, swelling

A

infection

52
Q

It is the partial or total separation of layers
of skin and tissue above the fascia in a
wound that is not healing properly ; When
serosanguineous drainage increases from a
wound

A

dehiscence

53
Q

It occurs when wound layers separate
below the fascial layer and visceral organs
may protrude through the wound opening ; medical emergency which requires placement of sterile towels soaked in sterile saline

A

evisceration

54
Q

an abnormal passage from an internal
organ to the skin or from one internal
organ to another ; can result from wound healing problem

A

fistula

NCM 101 (20 decks)

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