WOUND AND WOUND CARE Flashcards

1
Q

two types of wound according to intent

A

intentional
unintentional

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2
Q

two types of wound according to skin surface

A

open wound
closed wound

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3
Q

Result of planned therapy or treatment that requires
invasive measures ; edges are clean and bleeding is controlled ; risk of infection is decreased ; ex. surgical incisions, IV, punctures

A

intentional wound

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4
Q

accidental, occurs from unexpected trauma ; jagged edges and bleeding is uncontrolled ; high risk for infection and longer healing time ; ex. accidents, burns

A

unintentional wound

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5
Q

classfications of wound according to possibility and degree of contamination

A

clean wound
clean contaminated
contamined
dirty or infected

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6
Q

uninfected wound in which minimal inflammation is
encountered ; not enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary tracts ; close wounds

A

clean wounds

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7
Q

surgical wound which enter respi, alimentary, genital, and urinary ; no evidence of infection

A

clean contaminated wound

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8
Q

open, fresh, accidental, or surgical wound involving a
major break in sterile technique or with a major
contamination from the gastrointestinal system ; inflamed tissue and high risk for infection

A

contaminated wound

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9
Q

wound containing dead tissue and with evidence of clinical infection

A

dirty or infected wound

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10
Q

confined to skin (epidermis an dermis) and heals by regeneration

A

partial thickness

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11
Q

involves dermis, epidermis subcu, and possibly muscle and bone ; requires connective tissue repair

A

full thickness

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12
Q

classification of wound according to healing time

A

acute
chronic

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13
Q

what are the 2 classfications of wound

A

partial thickness
full thickness

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14
Q

this type of wound usually hels within days to weeks, edges are well approximated ; risk for infection is lessened

A

acute wound

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15
Q

do not progress through normal sequence of repair ; edges are not approximated ; infection is increased ; healing time is delayed

A

chronic wound

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16
Q

it is an open wound, edges in close approximation and aligned ; cutting by sharp instrument

A

incision

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17
Q

open wound ; tissues are torn and edges are jagged ; blunt instrument, machinery

A

laceration

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18
Q

open wound ; rubbing or scraping the epidermal layer of the skin

A

abrasion

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19
Q

open wound, penetration of the skin and often underlying tissues by a sharp instrument such as a needle

A

puncture

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20
Q

it is an open wound ; penetration of the skin and undelying tissues usually unintentional

A

penetrating wound

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21
Q

open wound ; tearing a structure from normal anatomic position causing possible damage to blood vessels, nerves and other structures

A

avulsion

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22
Q

close wound ; results in soft tissue damage and ruptured blood vessels ; blow from a hard object

A

contusion or bruise

23
Q

open or closed wound ; secretion and release of toxins by living organisms

24
Q

open or closed wound ; chemical agents such as acids

25
open or closed wound ; extremely high or low temperature
thermal
26
open or closed wound ; ultraviolet light or radiation exposure
irradiation
27
what are the 4 phases of wound healing
hemostasis inflammation proliferation or granulation remodeling or maturation
28
it is a process of tissue response to injury ; injured tissues are repaired by physiologic mechanisms that regenerate functioning cells and replace connective tissue cells with scar tissue
wound healing
29
type of healing that occurs where the tissue surfaces have been approximated and there is minimal or no tissue loss ; formation of minimal granulation and scarring
primary intention healing
30
For wound that is extensive and involves considerable tissue loss and in which edges cannot or should not be approximated ; closure is undesirable due to poor circulation ; wounds are sutured after the initial stage ; ex. pressure ulcer
secondary intention healing
31
for delayed or secondary closure or late closure ; reason to delay suturing a wound or whe primary closure or a wound is undesirable
tertiary intention healing
32
the phases of wound healing
inflammatory reconstruction maturation
33
Vascular and cellular responses are immediately initiated when tissue is cut or injured ; transient vasoconstriction ; dilation of small venules ; localized vasodilation ; lasts 1-5 days
inflammatory
34
fibroblasts multiply ; endothelial budding occurs ; granulation tissue ; active collagen synthesis ; by 3 weeks skin obtains 30% of preinjury tensile strength ; lasts 2-20 days
proliferation
35
scar tissue ; lysis and regeneration ; formation of scar ; collagen production drops off ; normal maturation ; lasts 21 days
maturation phase
36
The physiological changes ; reduced skin elasticity and collagen replacement
age
37
drugs that reduce healing rates by interrupting cell division or the clotting process.
immunosupression
38
impairs wound healing by diminishing sensation and arterial inflow
diabetes
39
bacterial contamination
infection
40
steroids and antimetabolites impede proliferation or fibroblasts and collagen synthesis
drugs
41
protein calorie malnutrition and deficiencies of vitamins
nutritional problems
42
resulting from local or systemic ischemia or radiation injury, impairs wound healing.
tissue necrosis
43
Inadequate tissue oxygenation due to local vasoconstriction resulting from sympathetic overactivity may occur because of blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, or hypothermia, especially involving the distal extent of the extremities.
hypoxia
44
this leads to local tissue ischemia and necrosis
excessive wound edges
45
Competition between several healing areas for the substrates required for wound healing impairs wound healing at all sites.
another wound
46
relatively low tissue temp in distal aspects of the upper and lower extremities
low temprature
47
oxygenation and tissue perfusion
smoking
48
Bleeding from an acute wound is normal during and immediately after initial trauma but hemostasis, which is cessation of bleeding by vasoconstriction and coagulation usually occurs within several minutes.
hemorrhage
49
symptoms of internal bleeding are
hypovolemic shock swelling of the affected body part
50
a collection of clotted blood, is a localized collection of blood underneath tissues, often reappearing as a bluish swelling or mass.
hematoma
51
Bacterial wound infection inhibits healing by increasing tissue damage and altering healing process ; symtoms include purulent drainage, increased drainage, pain, redness, swelling
infection
52
It is the partial or total separation of layers of skin and tissue above the fascia in a wound that is not healing properly ; When serosanguineous drainage increases from a wound
dehiscence
53
It occurs when wound layers separate below the fascial layer and visceral organs may protrude through the wound opening ; medical emergency which requires placement of sterile towels soaked in sterile saline
evisceration
54
an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another ; can result from wound healing problem
fistula