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NCM 101 > CULTURE AND ETHNICITY > Flashcards

CULTURE AND ETHNICITY Flashcards

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1
Q

is holistic and encompasses
the client’s perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the client’s
culture.

A

nursing care

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2
Q

is care that is centered on the
client’s cultural point of view and integrates the client’s
values and beliefs into the plan of care.

A

culturally responsive care

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3
Q

is the “thoughts, communications,
actions, customs, beliefs, values, and
institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups”

A

culture

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4
Q

is usually composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group.

A

subculture

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5
Q

is used to describe a person who has
multiple patterns of identification or crosses several cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values.

A

multicultural

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6
Q

examples of subculture

A

occupational groups
societal groups
ethnic groups

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7
Q

refers to the fact or state of being
different.

A

diversity

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8
Q

is a term with many definitions, often
used interchangeably with the terms ethnicity and culture.

A

race

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9
Q

factors that account for diversity

A

sex
age
culture
ethnicity
socioeconomic status
educational attainment
religious affiliation

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10
Q

y is a term often interchangeably used
with race ; viewed as a relationship among individuals who believe they have distinctive characteristics that make them a group

A

ethnicity

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11
Q

sometimes used interchangeably
with ethnicity or citizenship ; refers to the sovereign state or country where an individual has membership (birth, inheritance, naturalization)

A

nationality

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12
Q

may be considered a system of beliefs,
practices, and ethical values about divine or
superhuman power worshipped as the creator(s)
and ruler(s) of the universe.

A

religion

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13
Q

the belief in the superiority of
one’s own culture and lifestyle ; other viewpoints are not only considered different, but also wrong and less important ; related concept is xenophobia

A

ethnocentrism

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14
Q

the fear or dislike of people different from one’s self.

A

xenophobia

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15
Q

is a preconceived notion or judgment
that is not based on sufficient knowledge; it may
be favorable or unfavorable.

A

prejudice

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16
Q

refers to assumptions held about racial groups.

A

racism

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17
Q

are viewed as inherited and
exclusive to each group and form the basis of judging
persons based on their racial classification.

A

cultural behaviors

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18
Q

refers to the negative treatment
of individuals or groups on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender, or other group membership ; when rights and opportunities are denied for arbitrary or prejudicial reasons

A

discrimination

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19
Q

statements about common
cultural patterns ; may not hold true at the individual level ; statements describing which leads to stereotyping

A

generalizations

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20
Q

refers to making the
assumption that an individual reflects all
characteristics associated with being a
member of a group

A

stereotyping

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21
Q

the differences in care
experienced by one population compared with another
population.

A

health disparities

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22
Q

what are the 4 determinants of health

A

social
behavioral
environmental
biological

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23
Q

examples include
gender, socioeconomic status, employment status,
educational attainment, food security status,
availability of housing and transportation, racism, and
health system access and quality

A

social determinants of health

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24
Q

examples include
patterns of overweight and obesity; exercise norms;
and use of illicit drugs, tobacco, or alcohol

A

behavioral determinants of health

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25
Q

examples include lead exposure, asthma
triggers, workplace safety factors, unsafe or
polluted living conditions

A

environmental determinants of health

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26
Q

examples include family history of heart disease
and inherited conditions such as hemophilia and
cystic fibrosis

A

biological determinants of health

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27
Q

focuses on providing care within
the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values,
and patterns of cultures (Leininger & McFarland, 2010).
Leininger created the theory of culture care diversity
and universality

A

transcultural nursing

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28
Q

“the ongoing process in which the health
care professional continu- ously strives to achieve the
ability and availability to work effectively within the
cultural context of the patient (individual, family,
community).”

A

cultural competence

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29
Q

who created the definition for cultural competence

A

campinha-bacote (2011)

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30
Q

what are the 5 constructs of cultural competence

A

cultural desire
awareness
knowledge
skills
encounters

31
Q

the motivation to “want to”
engage in the process of becoming culturally
aware, culturally knowledgeable, culturally
skillful, and seeking cultural encounters.

A

cultural desire

32
Q

obtaining a sound educational
foundation concerning the various worldviews of
different cultures

A

cultural knowledge

33
Q

the ability to collect culturally relevant
data regarding the client’s health in a culturally
sensitive manner

A

cultural skills

34
Q

engaging in face-to-face cultural
interactions with persons from diverse backgrounds,
and learning to modify one’s existing beliefs and
prevent possible stereotyping

A

cultural encounters

35
Q

is predicated on the concept of holistic health and
describes what people do from a traditional perspective
to maintain, protect, and restore health

A

health traditions model

36
Q

refers to those customs, beliefs, or
practices that have existed for many generations
without changing.

A

traditional

37
Q

_ represent traditional
foods that may be eaten daily to maintain physical
HEALTH

A

thousand year old eggs ; china

38
Q

The _ prayer represents a way of
maintaining spiritual HEALTH

A

islamic; east jerusalem

39
Q

_ may be worn to protect physical
HEALTH

A

red string ; tomb of rachel in bethlehem, israel

40
Q

The _ represents the plethora of eye-related
objects that may be worn or hung in the home to
protect the mental HEALTH of people by shielding
them from the envy and bad wishes of others

A

eye ; cuba

41
Q

The _ may be worn for spiritual
protection and good luck

A

thunder bird ; hopi nation

42
Q

The herbal remedy represents _ plants
that may be used by people from all ethnocultural
traditional backgrounds as one method of
restoring physical HEALTH

A

aromatic ; africa

43
Q

_ represents substances that are used in
massage therapy as a way of restoring mental
HEALTH

A

tiger balm; singapore

44
Q

_ beads symbolize prayer and meditation
methods used in the spiritual restoration of
HEALTH

A

rosary beads ; italy

45
Q

health
and illness are controlled by supernatural forces.
The client may believe that illness is the result of
“being bad” or op- posing the creator(s)’ will.

A

magico-religious health belief

46
Q

s based on
the belief that life is controlled by physical and
biochemical processes that can be manipulated by
humans. The client with this view will be- lieve that
illness is caused by germs, viruses, bacteria, or a
breakdown of the body.

A

scientific or biomedical health belief

47
Q

holds that the forces of
nature must be maintained in balance or harmony.
Human life is one aspect of nature that must be in
harmony with the rest of nature. When the natural
balance or harmony is disturbed, illness results.

A

holistic health belief

48
Q

holds that the forces of
nature must be maintained in balance or harmony.
Human life is one aspect of nature that must be in
harmony with the rest of nature. When the natural
balance or harmony is disturbed, illness results.

A

folk medicine

49
Q

what are the three commonly held views and health beliefs

A

magico -religious
scientific
holistic

50
Q

s considered the basic unit of society;

A

family

51
Q

The most obvious cultural difference ; vocabulary, grammatical
structure, voice qualities, intonation, rhythm,
speed, pronunciation, and silence.

A

verbal communicaton

52
Q

converts written material (such as
client education pamphlets) from one language
into another. Interpretation moves beyond
translation.

A

translator

53
Q

able to transform the message
expressed in a spoken or signed source language
into its equivalent in a target language, so that
the interpreted message has the potential of
eliciting the same response in the listener as the
original message.

A

interpreter

54
Q

The interpreter must also serve as a __ and engage both provider and client
effectively and efficiently in accessing the
nuances and hidden socio- cultural assumptions
embedded in each other’s language

A

cultural broker

55
Q

To communicate effectively with culturally
diverse clients, the nurse needs to be aware of
two aspects

A

nonverbal communication

56
Q

is a relative concept that includes the
individual, the body, the surrounding
environment, and objects within that
environment

A

space

57
Q

refers to an individual’s focus
on the past, the present, or the future

A

time orientation

58
Q

their culture focus on time tends to be
directed to the future, emphasizing time and
schedules.

A

european-american

59
Q

Most cultures have staple foods that are
plentiful or readily accessible in the
environment.

A

nutritional patterns

60
Q

are quick assess- ment
tools to better understand the client’s perspective.
LEARN is a commonly used tool

A

learn model and 4Cs

61
Q

actively with empathy to the client’s
perception of the problem

A

listen

62
Q

what you think you heard/ask for
clarification

A

explain

63
Q

the importance of what is said and
what it means.

A

acknowledge

64
Q

inclusive strategies

A

recommend

65
Q

the plan of care by collaborating with
the client and others.

A

negotiate

66
Q

meaning of LEARN concepts

A

listen
explain
acknowledge
recommend
negotiate

67
Q

The 4 C’s of Culture were developed by Slavin, Galanti, and
Kuo, what are those?

A

call
cause
cope
concerns

68
Q

the implementation of cultural nursing care includes

A

cultural preservation and maintenance
cultural accommodation and negotiations

69
Q

may involve the use of
cultural health care practices, such as giving
herbal tea, chicken soup, or “hot” foods to
the ill client.

A

cultural preservation

70
Q

The nursing diagnoses developed by NANDA
International are focused on nursing care
provided in the United States and are based
on

A

european-centric cultural beliefs

71
Q

(Remember to ask
“What do you think is wrong?” or “What is
concerning/worrying you?” to get at the client’s
perception of the problem. You should not liter- ally ask,
“What do you call your problem?”)

A

call

72
Q

(This gets at
the client’s beliefs regarding the source of the problem.)

A

cause

73
Q

(You may want
to phrase this as “What have you done to try to make it
better? Who else have you been to for treatment?”)

A

cope

74
Q

(This should address
questions such as “How serious do you think this is?”
“What potential complications do you fear?” “How
does it interfere with your life, or your ability to
function?” “Do you know anyone else who has tried the
treatment I’ve recommended? What was their
experience with it?”)

A

concerns

NCM 101 (20 decks)

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