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NCM 101 > PA1 LAB > Flashcards

PA1 LAB Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical barriers that protects underlying tissues and organs from microorganism, physical trauma, ultraviolet radiation and dehydration.

A

skin

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2
Q

Outermost layer of the skin ; It consists of dead, keratinized cells that render the skin waterproof.

A

epidermis

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3
Q

Inner layer of the skin ; Dermal papillae connect the dermis to the
epidermis ; Consider the origin of sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.

A

dermis

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4
Q

Secrete an oily substance called sebum that
waterproofs the hair and skin.

A

sebaceous glands

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5
Q

primary function is
secretion of sweat and thermoregulation,
which is accomplished by evaporation of sweat from the skin surface

A

eccrine gland

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6
Q

associated with hair
follicles in the axillae, perinium, and
areolae of the breast. ; functions furing puberty

A

apocrine gland

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7
Q

Contains fat cells, blood vessels, nerves and
the remaining portions of sweat glands and
hair follicles. ; stores fat for energy ; provides insulation ; serves as cushion

A

subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

Consists of layers of keratinized cells,
found over much of the body

A

hair

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9
Q

short, pale, fine and
present over much of the body.

A

vellus hair

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10
Q

longer, generally darker and coarser
than vellus hair.

A

terminal hair

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11
Q

located in the distal phalanges of fingers
and toes ; Hard, transparent plates of keratinized
epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle.

A

nails

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12
Q

always burns but never tans ; pale skin, red hair, freckles

A

type I

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13
Q

usually burns but sometimes tans ; pale skin

A

type II

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14
Q

may burn usually tans ; darker

A

type III

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15
Q

rarely burns, always tans ; mediterranean

A

type IV

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16
Q

moderate constitutional pigmentation ; latin american, middle eastern

A

type V

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17
Q

marked constitutional pigmentation ; black

A

type VI

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18
Q

Blue-tinged, especially in the
perioral, nail bed, and
conjunctival areas. ; poor circulation of oxygenated blood ; lots of carbon dioxide running in the system

A

cyanosis

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19
Q

Arterial insufficiency,
decrease blood supply and
anemia.

A

pallor

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20
Q

Results from
Cardiopulmonary problem

A

central cyanosis

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21
Q

Yellow skin tone
Particularly in the sclera,
Oral mucosa, palms and
Toes ; problems in liver

A

jaundice

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22
Q

Darkening of the skin in
the Body folds like neck,
axillae and groin ; problems in weight

A

acanthosis nigricans

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23
Q

Flat, small macules of
Pigment that appear
Following sun exposure ; More visible in the lighter skin complexion

A

freckles

24
Q

Depigmentation of the
skin ; Results from genetic predisposition

A

vitiligo

25
Q

Stretch marks ; Can be observed in Obese
and pregnant visible in the abdomen ; inner thigh and buttocks

A

straie

26
Q

A warty or crusty
pigmentation lesion ; Needs to be treated because
warts should be eliminated (it could cause
a serious condition if not removed)

A

seborrheic keratosis

27
Q

A result of trauma or cut from
different parts of the body

A

scar

28
Q

Flat or raised
tan/brownish marking up
to 6 mm wide

A

mole or nevus

29
Q

Raised papule with a
depressed center ; Commonly seen in obese and elderly
individual

A

cutaneous tag

30
Q

abnormality that needs to be corrected

A

cutaneous horn

31
Q

Small raised spots (1-5 mm
wide) typically seen with
aging.

A

cherry angiomas

32
Q

flat, < 1 cm

A

macule

33
Q

flat, > 1 cm

A

patch

34
Q

solid elevation, < 1 cm

A

papule

35
Q

elevation, > 1 cm

A

plaque

36
Q

elevation with clear fluid

A

vesicles

37
Q

containing serous or sero-purulent
fluid, > 1 cm

A

bullae

38
Q

Round red or purple
macule that is 1-2 mm in
size ; Cause by blood extravasation and
associated with bleeding or emboli to skin.

A

petechia

39
Q

Round or irregular lesion
that is larger than
petechial lesion ; Black, yellow and green hues ; blood extravasation

A

ecchymosis

40
Q

Localized collection of
blood due to trauma.

A

hematoma

41
Q

Papular and round, red or
Purple lesion found on the
Trunk or extremities ; age related and not clinically significant

A

cherry angioma

42
Q

Red arteriole with a body
with radiating branches ; associated with liver disease,
pregnancy, and vitamin b deficiency.

A

spider angioma

43
Q

Cause increased venous pressure states
(varicosities) ; Dilation (widening) of small
vessels and capillaries cause
flat red marks to appear on
the skin

A

telangiectasia

44
Q

ABCDE in detecting skin cancer

A

asymmetry
borders
color
diameter
elevated

45
Q

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the skin is unbroken but inflammed

A

stage 1

46
Q

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the skin is broken to the epidermis or dermis

A

stage 2

47
Q

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the ulcer extends to the subcutaneous layer

A

stage 3

48
Q

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the ulcer extends to the muscle or bone

A

stage 4

49
Q

Use __ surface of your middle finger
to palpate skin texture

A

palmar

50
Q

in palpating for edema, Use your __ to press down on the skin
of the feet, ankles or pretibial area to
check for edema.

A

thumb

51
Q

small, mobile, discrete, nontender
nodes, can frequently be found, especially
in children.

A

shotty lymph nodes

52
Q

Making a wide “H” in the air, lead the
patient’s gaze

A

6 EOM or extraocular eye movements

53
Q

Ask the client to follow your finger or pencil
as you move it in toward the bridge of the
nose. The converging eyes normally follow
the object to within 5 -8 cm of the nose

A

convergence test

54
Q

includes
objects, letters, or numbers of different
sizes in rows, under well-light ; client must be 20ft away ; test for visual acuity of client

A

snellen eye chart test

55
Q

Test one ear at a time ; Stay 30-60 cm away from the
client’s ear ; Whisper slowly some two syllable
words

A

voice whisper test

56
Q

Hold the tuning fork at its base ; Activate it by tapping the fork
gently against the back of your
hand near the knuckles or by
stroking the fork between the thumb
and the index finger (soft ringing)

A

hearing acuity weber test (512HZ on top of head)

57
Q

Hold the handle of the
activated tuning fork in the
mastoid process of one ear
until the client states that the vibration can
no longer be heard ; Immediately hold the still vibrating fork
prongs in front of the client’s ear canal ; Ask whether the client now hears the sound.

A

hearing acuity rinne test (512 hz on mastiod bone)

NCM 101 (20 decks)

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