PA1 LAB

Question 1

Physical barriers that protects underlying tissues and organs from microorganism, physical trauma, ultraviolet radiation and dehydration.

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

Outermost layer of the skin ; It consists of dead, keratinized cells that render the skin waterproof.

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

Inner layer of the skin ; Dermal papillae connect the dermis to the
epidermis ; Consider the origin of sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.

Answer 3

dermis

Question 4

Secrete an oily substance called sebum that
waterproofs the hair and skin.

Answer 4

sebaceous glands

Question 5

primary function is
secretion of sweat and thermoregulation,
which is accomplished by evaporation of sweat from the skin surface

Answer 5

eccrine gland

Question 6

associated with hair
follicles in the axillae, perinium, and
areolae of the breast. ; functions furing puberty

Answer 6

apocrine gland

Question 7

Contains fat cells, blood vessels, nerves and
the remaining portions of sweat glands and
hair follicles. ; stores fat for energy ; provides insulation ; serves as cushion

Answer 7

subcutaneous tissue

Question 8

Consists of layers of keratinized cells,
found over much of the body

Answer 8

hair

Question 9

short, pale, fine and
present over much of the body.

Answer 9

vellus hair

Question 10

longer, generally darker and coarser
than vellus hair.

Answer 10

terminal hair

Question 11

located in the distal phalanges of fingers
and toes ; Hard, transparent plates of keratinized
epidermal cells that grow from the cuticle.

Answer 11

nails

Question 12

always burns but never tans ; pale skin, red hair, freckles

Answer 12

type I

Question 13

usually burns but sometimes tans ; pale skin

Answer 13

type II

Question 14

may burn usually tans ; darker

Answer 14

type III

Question 15

rarely burns, always tans ; mediterranean

Answer 15

type IV

Question 16

moderate constitutional pigmentation ; latin american, middle eastern

Answer 16

type V

Question 17

marked constitutional pigmentation ; black

Answer 17

type VI

Question 18

Blue-tinged, especially in the
perioral, nail bed, and
conjunctival areas. ; poor circulation of oxygenated blood ; lots of carbon dioxide running in the system

Answer 18

cyanosis

Question 19

Arterial insufficiency,
decrease blood supply and
anemia.

Answer 19

pallor

Question 20

Results from
Cardiopulmonary problem

Answer 20

central cyanosis

Question 21

Yellow skin tone
Particularly in the sclera,
Oral mucosa, palms and
Toes ; problems in liver

Answer 21

jaundice

Question 22

Darkening of the skin in
the Body folds like neck,
axillae and groin ; problems in weight

Answer 22

acanthosis nigricans

Question 23

Flat, small macules of
Pigment that appear
Following sun exposure ; More visible in the lighter skin complexion

Answer 23

freckles

Question 24

Depigmentation of the
skin ; Results from genetic predisposition

Answer 24

vitiligo

Question 25

Stretch marks ; Can be observed in Obese and pregnant visible in the abdomen ; inner thigh and buttocks

Answer 25

straie

Question 26

A warty or crusty pigmentation lesion ; Needs to be treated because warts should be eliminated (it could cause a serious condition if not removed)

Answer 26

seborrheic keratosis

Question 27

A result of trauma or cut from different parts of the body

Answer 27

scar

Question 28

Flat or raised tan/brownish marking up to 6 mm wide

Answer 28

mole or nevus

Question 29

Raised papule with a depressed center ; Commonly seen in obese and elderly individual

Answer 29

cutaneous tag

Question 30

abnormality that needs to be corrected

Answer 30

cutaneous horn

Question 31

Small raised spots (1-5 mm wide) typically seen with aging.

Answer 31

cherry angiomas

Question 32

flat, < 1 cm

Answer 32

macule

Question 33

flat, > 1 cm

Answer 33

patch

Question 34

solid elevation, < 1 cm

Answer 34

papule

Question 35

elevation, > 1 cm

Answer 35

plaque

Question 36

elevation with clear fluid

Answer 36

vesicles

Question 37

containing serous or sero-purulent fluid, > 1 cm

Answer 37

bullae

Question 38

Round red or purple macule that is 1-2 mm in size ; Cause by blood extravasation and associated with bleeding or emboli to skin.

Answer 38

petechia

Question 39

Round or irregular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion ; Black, yellow and green hues ; blood extravasation

Answer 39

ecchymosis

Question 40

Localized collection of blood due to trauma.

Answer 40

hematoma

Question 41

Papular and round, red or Purple lesion found on the Trunk or extremities ; age related and not clinically significant

Answer 41

cherry angioma

Question 42

Red arteriole with a body with radiating branches ; associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and vitamin b deficiency.

Answer 42

spider angioma

Question 43

Cause increased venous pressure states (varicosities) ; Dilation (widening) of small vessels and capillaries cause flat red marks to appear on the skin

Answer 43

telangiectasia

Question 44

ABCDE in detecting skin cancer

Answer 44

asymmetry borders color diameter elevated

Question 45

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the skin is unbroken but inflammed

Answer 45

stage 1

Question 46

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the skin is broken to the epidermis or dermis

Answer 46

stage 2

Question 47

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the ulcer extends to the subcutaneous layer

Answer 47

stage 3

Question 48

in pressure ulcers, this stage is where the ulcer extends to the muscle or bone

Answer 48

stage 4

Question 49

Use __ surface of your middle finger to palpate skin texture

Answer 49

palmar

Question 50

in palpating for edema, Use your __ to press down on the skin of the feet, ankles or pretibial area to check for edema.

Answer 50

thumb

Question 51

small, mobile, discrete, nontender nodes, can frequently be found, especially in children.

Answer 51

shotty lymph nodes

Question 52

Making a wide “H” in the air, lead the patient’s gaze

Answer 52

6 EOM or extraocular eye movements

Question 53

Ask the client to follow your finger or pencil as you move it in toward the bridge of the nose. The converging eyes normally follow the object to within 5 -8 cm of the nose

Answer 53

convergence test

Question 54

includes objects, letters, or numbers of different sizes in rows, under well-light ; client must be 20ft away ; test for visual acuity of client

Answer 54

snellen eye chart test

Question 55

Test one ear at a time ; Stay 30-60 cm away from the client’s ear ; Whisper slowly some two syllable words

Answer 55

voice whisper test

Question 56

Hold the tuning fork at its base ; Activate it by tapping the fork gently against the back of your hand near the knuckles or by stroking the fork between the thumb and the index finger (soft ringing)

Answer 56

hearing acuity weber test (512HZ on top of head)

Question 57

Hold the handle of the activated tuning fork in the mastoid process of one ear until the client states that the vibration can no longer be heard ; Immediately hold the still vibrating fork prongs in front of the client’s ear canal ; Ask whether the client now hears the sound.

Answer 57

hearing acuity rinne test (512 hz on mastiod bone)