NUTRITIONAL STATUS Flashcards by Bianca Balandra

the degree to w/c individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by food he/she is eating

nutritional status or nutriture

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the degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirement

nutritional status or nutriture

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what are the methods that provide direct information

anthropometric measurement
biochemical assessment or examination
biophysical technique or radiological measurements
clinical assessment or examination
dietary evaluation or assessment

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what are the methods that provide indirect information

food consumption studies
studies on health conditions and vital statistics
studies on food supply situation
studies on socio-economic conditions
sutdies on cultural and anthropological influences

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it should begin with questions regarding dietary habits

dietary assessment/evaluation

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what are the methods of assessing dietary intake

24 hr recalll
food frequency questionnaire
dietary history
food diary
observation of food intake

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first essential in nutirional planning ; provides data and information for planning and evaluation ; helps define priorities and responsibilities of public health system at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels

24hr recall

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some warning signs of poor nutritional health are noted in this checklist ; used to find out if client is at nutritional risk

speedy checklist for nutritional health

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in the speedy checklist, a score of 0-2 must be rechecked in __ months

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in speedy checlklist, a score of 3-5 indicates __ and must be rechecked in __ months

moderate nutritional risk ; 3 months

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in speedy checklist, a score of 6 or more indicates __ ; consult w/ physician, dietitian, or other qualified health or social service professional

high nutritional risk

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deals with the examination of changes that can be seen or felt in the superficial tissues such as skin, hair, eyes more coverage in a short time, inexpensive

clinical assessment

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energy malnutrition classification

protein

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symptoms include: marasmus, kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor

protein - energy malnutrition

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an impairment of night vision, may be treated by supplementation with Vitamin A ; severe cases need large supplements and a simultaneous treatment of eye problem with antibiotics

xerophthalmia

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symptoms include: impaired night vision, smokey conjunctiva, dry eyes, cornea softening and ulcers

xerophthalmia

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it is a low hemoglobin

anemia

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symptoms include: tiredness, paleness under eyelid, breathlessness, heart palpitations, paleness under the nails, edema

anemia

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it is an enlargement of the thyroid glands due to need for iodine ; if iodine is short in supply, the gland grows to try to offset the deficit ; neck swelling

goiter

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symptoms include: swelling of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, breathing, tight feeling in throat

goiter

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symptoms include: magenta red tongue, sores at the angle of the mouth and folds of the nose, itching and caling of the skin around the nose, mouth, scrotum, forehad, ears, scalp, and others

vitamin B2 or riboflavin deficiency

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estimation of time desaturation, enzyme activity or blood composition ; tests are confined to 2 fluids (blood and urine)

biochemical assessment

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what are the factors affecting the accuracy of results of biochemical assessment

standards of collection
methods of transport and storage of samples
techniques employed

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objectivity ; independent of emotional and subjective factors ; can detect early subclinical states of nutritional deficiency

biochemical assessment

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serum albumin and amino acid imbalance in blood indicates

protein deficiency

serum vitamin A, and carotene indicates

vitamin A deficiency

serum alkalin phosphatase in blood indicates

vitamin C deficiency

hemoglobin in blood indicates

iron and vitamin b12 deficiency

hemotcrit in blood indicates

iron deficiency

hydroxyproline excretion, urinary urea, urinary creatinine in urine indicates

protein deficiency

urinary thiamine indicates

thiamine deficiency

urinary riboflavin indicates

riboflavin deficiency

(from 3-4 hr urine of 24hr sample) urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio of 30 or lower in a random sample is indicative of __

malnutrition

Ratio of four indispensable amino acids and four indispensable amino acids in serum by paper chromatography

amino acid imbalance test

a score of 5-10 in amino acid imbalance test indiates

kwashiorkor

a score of less than 2 in amino acid imbalance test indicates __ children

well-fed

in this test, a score of 0.5-1.5 is manifested in clinically malnourishes children ; the normal is 2.0-5.0

hyrdroxyproline excretion in random urine

this is lowered in severe protein depletion

serum albumin

what are the interpretations in serum albumin test

4.25 - high 3.52-4.24 - acceptable 2.80-3.51 - low less than 2.80 - deficient

cyanmethamoglobin method by spectrophotometry

hemoglobin determination

simple techqnique, handy equipment

A.O hemoglobinometer

a measure of red cell volume, obtained from a finger prick

hematocrit

it reflects prlonged severe ditay dficiecny (up to 1 yr i adults adn 4 months in young children

low serum vitamin A

it is not indicative vitamin A status per se but useful because it refelct recent ingestion of carotene containing foods

serum carotene levels

these tests are specific studies, where additional information regarding change in the bone or muscular performance is required.

biophysical technique or radiologic measurements

have been used in studying the change of bones in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and scurvy.

radiologic methods

there is widened concave (cupped) rarified, frayed distal end of long bones usually the radius and ulna

active rickets

there is healed concave line of increase density at distal ends of long bones usually the radius and ulna

rickets

there is ground glass appearance of long bone with loss of density.

infantile scurvy

there is increased cardiac size as visible through rays.

beri beri

Changes in bone also occur in advanced __

florosis

is the measuremne tof variations of the physical dimensions and gross compostiion of the human body at different age levels and degrees of nutrition

anthropometry

Uses weighting scale such as beam balance scales or clinical scales which are ideal, but a bar scale could be used in their absence ; assess body mass, current nutritional status, key anthropometric measurement

weight (for age)

Assesses linear dimension composed of the following: legs, pelvis, spine and the skull ; Less sensitive and generally an indicator of past nutritional status (chronicity of malnutrition)

height (for age)

what are used in measuring height

statiometer anthropometric steel rods

in assessing the height for infants below 2 years old, an )) is used

infantometer

what materials are used for assessing weight for age

weighting scale (beam balance or clinical scales) bar scale

most accurate indicator of present or current state of nutrition ; it is an expression of leanness or wasting

weight for height/length

Assesses body composition, fat distribution & hence reserve of calories ; Must be compared against standards for age and sex at all age

skinfold thickness

in skinfold thickness measurement, what is used?

reliable caliper (harpenden, large, or USAMRNL)

Head/chest circumference ratio is of value in detecting PEM in early childhood ; the same at six months of age. After this, the skull grows slowly and the chest grows more rapidly.

body cirumference

has been mainly used on 1 to 6 years old. Between 1 to 4 years. “reference values” change little, the age need not be accurately known

mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

Related to maternal nutrition and socio-economic status ; Usually taken as cut-off point for “low birth weight babies” is 2500 grams

birth weight

what is the cut off point for low birth weight babies

2500 grams

what is the reference used for weight for age

philippine classficiation of undernutrition (FNRI) based on Gomez classification

when the child’s weight is between 91 to 110% of his ideal weight, he or she is considered as

normal

when the child’s weight is only 76 to 90% of his ideal weight, he or she is labeled as

first degree or moderately underweight

when the child’s weight is only 61 to 75% if his ideal weight

second degree or moderately underweight

when the child’s weight is only 60% or less of his ideal weight, he or she is consoidered

third degree or severely underweight

reference used for weight for height

classification of nutritional status by McLaren and Read

Combination of these anthropometric measurements permits further distinction between acute malnutrition (low weight-for-height, normal height-for-age), and chronic malnutrition (low-weight-for-height and low height-for-age) as well as simple stunting.

weight for height and height for age

weight for height with a score of 90% and above

normal

weight for height with a score of below 90% but 85% and above

nutrition dwarfisim (stunted)

weight for height with a score of 90% and above but below 85%

acute or recent malnutirion (wasted)

weight for height with a score of below 90% and below 85%

severe chronic malnutrition (stunted and wasted)

formula for BMI

BMI = weight (kg)/height(m^2)

estimates lean body mass or skeletal muscle reserves

mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

MUAC of over 135mm and green in color indicates

child is well nourished

MUAC between 125 and 135mm and yellow in color indicates

at risk for acute malnutrition

MUAC between 110mm and 125mm, red in color indicates

moderate acute malnutrition

MUAC less then 110mm, red in color indicates

sever acute malnutrition

MUAC is always taken on the __ arm

left

it is an indication of sever acute malnutrition

pitting edema

it edema is not __, it is not an indication of malnutrition

bilateral

To determine skeletal muscle reserves or the amount of lean body mass & evaluate malnourishment in clients.

mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC)

MAMC is derived by __ and __

MAC and TSF

MAMC of 90% to 99%

mild malnutrition

MAMC 60% to 90%

moderate malnutrition

MAMC ︎60% as seen in protein-calorie malnutrition

severe malnutrition

To assess body fat distribution.

hip waist ratio (HWR)