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NCM 101 > NUTRITIONAL STATUS > Flashcards

NUTRITIONAL STATUS Flashcards

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1
Q

the degree to w/c individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by food he/she is eating

A

nutritional status or nutriture

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2
Q

the degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirement

A

nutritional status or nutriture

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3
Q

what are the methods that provide direct information

A

anthropometric measurement
biochemical assessment or examination
biophysical technique or radiological measurements
clinical assessment or examination
dietary evaluation or assessment

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4
Q

what are the methods that provide indirect information

A

food consumption studies
studies on health conditions and vital statistics
studies on food supply situation
studies on socio-economic conditions
sutdies on cultural and anthropological influences

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5
Q

it should begin with questions regarding dietary habits

A

dietary assessment/evaluation

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6
Q

what are the methods of assessing dietary intake

A

24 hr recalll
food frequency questionnaire
dietary history
food diary
observation of food intake

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7
Q

first essential in nutirional planning ; provides data and information for planning and evaluation ; helps define priorities and responsibilities of public health system at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels

A

24hr recall

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8
Q

some warning signs of poor nutritional health are noted in this checklist ; used to find out if client is at nutritional risk

A

speedy checklist for nutritional health

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9
Q

in the speedy checklist, a score of 0-2 must be rechecked in __ months

A

6

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10
Q

in speedy checlklist, a score of 3-5 indicates __ and must be rechecked in __ months

A

moderate nutritional risk ; 3 months

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11
Q

in speedy checklist, a score of 6 or more indicates __ ; consult w/ physician, dietitian, or other qualified health or social service professional

A

high nutritional risk

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12
Q

deals with the examination of changes that can be seen or felt in the superficial tissues such as skin, hair, eyes more coverage in a short time, inexpensive

A

clinical assessment

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13
Q

energy malnutrition classification

A

protein

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14
Q

symptoms include: marasmus, kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor

A

protein - energy malnutrition

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15
Q

an impairment of night vision, may be treated by supplementation with Vitamin A ; severe cases need large supplements and a simultaneous treatment of eye problem with antibiotics

A

xerophthalmia

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16
Q

symptoms include: impaired night vision, smokey conjunctiva, dry eyes, cornea softening and ulcers

A

xerophthalmia

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17
Q

it is a low hemoglobin

A

anemia

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18
Q

symptoms include: tiredness, paleness under eyelid, breathlessness, heart palpitations, paleness under the nails, edema

A

anemia

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19
Q

it is an enlargement of the thyroid glands due to need for iodine ; if iodine is short in supply, the gland grows to try to offset the deficit ; neck swelling

A

goiter

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20
Q

symptoms include: swelling of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, breathing, tight feeling in throat

A

goiter

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21
Q

symptoms include: magenta red tongue, sores at the angle of the mouth and folds of the nose, itching and caling of the skin around the nose, mouth, scrotum, forehad, ears, scalp, and others

A

vitamin B2 or riboflavin deficiency

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22
Q

estimation of time desaturation, enzyme activity or blood composition ; tests are confined to 2 fluids (blood and urine)

A

biochemical assessment

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23
Q

what are the factors affecting the accuracy of results of biochemical assessment

A

standards of collection
methods of transport and storage of samples
techniques employed

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24
Q

objectivity ; independent of emotional and subjective factors ; can detect early subclinical states of nutritional deficiency

A

biochemical assessment

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25
Q

serum albumin and amino acid imbalance in blood indicates

A

protein deficiency

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26
Q

serum vitamin A, and carotene indicates

A

vitamin A deficiency

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27
Q

serum alkalin phosphatase in blood indicates

A

vitamin C deficiency

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28
Q

hemoglobin in blood indicates

A

iron and vitamin b12 deficiency

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29
Q

hemotcrit in blood indicates

A

iron deficiency

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30
Q

hydroxyproline excretion, urinary urea, urinary creatinine in urine indicates

A

protein deficiency

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31
Q

urinary thiamine indicates

A

thiamine deficiency

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32
Q

urinary riboflavin indicates

A

riboflavin deficiency

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33
Q

(from 3-4 hr urine of 24hr sample) urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio of 30 or lower in a random sample is indicative of __

A

malnutrition

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34
Q

Ratio of four indispensable amino acids and four indispensable amino acids in serum by paper chromatography

A

amino acid imbalance test

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35
Q

a score of 5-10 in amino acid imbalance test indiates

A

kwashiorkor

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36
Q

a score of less than 2 in amino acid imbalance test indicates __ children

A

well-fed

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37
Q

in this test, a score of 0.5-1.5 is manifested in clinically malnourishes children ; the normal is 2.0-5.0

A

hyrdroxyproline excretion in random urine

38
Q

this is lowered in severe protein depletion

A

serum albumin

39
Q

what are the interpretations in serum albumin test

A

4.25 - high
3.52-4.24 - acceptable
2.80-3.51 - low
less than 2.80 - deficient

40
Q

cyanmethamoglobin method by spectrophotometry

A

hemoglobin determination

41
Q

simple techqnique, handy equipment

A

A.O hemoglobinometer

42
Q

a measure of red cell volume, obtained from a finger prick

A

hematocrit

43
Q

it reflects prlonged severe ditay dficiecny (up to 1 yr i adults adn 4 months in young children

A

low serum vitamin A

44
Q

it is not indicative vitamin A status per se but useful because it refelct recent ingestion of carotene containing foods

A

serum carotene levels

45
Q

these tests are specific studies, where additional information regarding change in the bone or muscular performance is required.

A

biophysical technique or radiologic measurements

46
Q

have been used in studying the change of bones in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and scurvy.

A

radiologic methods

47
Q

there is widened concave (cupped) rarified, frayed distal end of long bones usually the radius and ulna

A

active rickets

48
Q

there is healed concave line of increase density at distal ends of long bones usually the radius and ulna

A

rickets

49
Q

there is ground glass appearance of long bone with loss of density.

A

infantile scurvy

50
Q

there is increased cardiac size as visible through rays.

A

beri beri

51
Q

Changes in bone also occur in advanced __

A

florosis

52
Q

is the measuremne tof variations of the physical dimensions and gross compostiion of the human body at different age levels and degrees of nutrition

A

anthropometry

53
Q

Uses weighting scale such as beam balance scales or clinical scales which are ideal, but a bar scale could be used
in their absence ; assess body mass, current nutritional status, key anthropometric measurement

A

weight (for age)

54
Q

Assesses linear dimension composed of the following: legs, pelvis, spine and the skull ; Less sensitive and generally an
indicator of past nutritional status (chronicity of malnutrition)

A

height (for age)

55
Q

what are used in measuring height

A

statiometer
anthropometric steel rods

56
Q

in assessing the height for infants below 2 years old, an )) is used

A

infantometer

57
Q

what materials are used for assessing weight for age

A

weighting scale (beam balance or clinical scales)
bar scale

58
Q

most accurate indicator of present or current state of
nutrition ; it is an expression of leanness or wasting

A

weight for height/length

59
Q

Assesses body composition, fat distribution & hence reserve of calories ; Must be compared against standards
for age and sex at all age

A

skinfold thickness

60
Q

in skinfold thickness measurement, what is used?

A

reliable caliper (harpenden, large, or USAMRNL)

61
Q

Head/chest circumference ratio is of value in detecting PEM in early childhood ; the same at six months of age. After this, the skull grows slowly and the chest grows more rapidly.

A

body cirumference

62
Q

has been mainly used on 1 to 6 years old. Between 1 to 4 years. “reference values” change little, the age need not be accurately known

A

mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

63
Q

Related to maternal nutrition and socio-economic status ; Usually taken as cut-off point for “low birth weight babies” is 2500 grams

A

birth weight

64
Q

what is the cut off point for low birth weight babies

A

2500 grams

65
Q

what is the reference used for weight for age

A

philippine classficiation of undernutrition (FNRI) based on Gomez classification

66
Q

when the child’s weight is between 91 to 110% of his ideal weight, he or she is considered as

A

normal

67
Q

when the child’s weight is only 76 to 90% of his ideal weight, he or she is labeled as

A

first degree or moderately underweight

68
Q

when the child’s weight is only 61 to 75% if his ideal
weight

A

second degree or moderately underweight

69
Q

when the child’s weight is only 60% or less of his ideal weight, he or she is consoidered

A

third degree or severely underweight

70
Q

reference used for weight for height

A

classification of nutritional status by McLaren and Read

71
Q

Combination of these anthropometric measurements permits further distinction between acute malnutrition (low weight-for-height, normal height-for-age), and chronic malnutrition (low-weight-for-height and low height-for-age) as well as simple stunting.

A

weight for height and height for age

72
Q

weight for height with a score of 90% and above

A

normal

73
Q

weight for height with a score of below 90% but 85% and above

A

nutrition dwarfisim (stunted)

74
Q

weight for height with a score of 90% and above but below 85%

A

acute or recent malnutirion (wasted)

75
Q

weight for height with a score of below 90% and below 85%

A

severe chronic malnutrition (stunted and wasted)

76
Q

formula for BMI

A

BMI = weight (kg)/height(m^2)

77
Q

estimates lean body mass or skeletal muscle reserves

A

mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

78
Q

MUAC of over 135mm and green in color indicates

A

child is well nourished

79
Q

MUAC between 125 and 135mm and yellow in color indicates

A

at risk for acute malnutrition

80
Q

MUAC between 110mm and 125mm, red in color indicates

A

moderate acute malnutrition

81
Q

MUAC less then 110mm, red in color indicates

A

sever acute malnutrition

82
Q

MUAC is always taken on the __ arm

A

left

83
Q

it is an indication of sever acute malnutrition

A

pitting edema

84
Q

it edema is not __, it is not an indication of malnutrition

A

bilateral

85
Q

To determine skeletal muscle reserves or the amount of lean body mass & evaluate malnourishment in clients.

A

mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC)

86
Q

MAMC is derived by __ and __

A

MAC and TSF

87
Q

MAMC of 90% to 99%

A

mild malnutrition

88
Q

MAMC 60% to 90%

A

moderate malnutrition

89
Q

MAMC ︎60% as seen in protein-calorie malnutrition

A

severe malnutrition

90
Q

To assess body fat distribution.

A

hip waist ratio (HWR)

NCM 101 (20 decks)

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