NUTRITIONAL STATUS Flashcards
the degree to w/c individual’s psychological need for nutrients is being met by food he/she is eating
nutritional status or nutriture
the degree of balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirement
nutritional status or nutriture
what are the methods that provide direct information
anthropometric measurement
biochemical assessment or examination
biophysical technique or radiological measurements
clinical assessment or examination
dietary evaluation or assessment
what are the methods that provide indirect information
food consumption studies
studies on health conditions and vital statistics
studies on food supply situation
studies on socio-economic conditions
sutdies on cultural and anthropological influences
it should begin with questions regarding dietary habits
dietary assessment/evaluation
what are the methods of assessing dietary intake
24 hr recalll
food frequency questionnaire
dietary history
food diary
observation of food intake
first essential in nutirional planning ; provides data and information for planning and evaluation ; helps define priorities and responsibilities of public health system at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal, and barangay levels
24hr recall
some warning signs of poor nutritional health are noted in this checklist ; used to find out if client is at nutritional risk
speedy checklist for nutritional health
in the speedy checklist, a score of 0-2 must be rechecked in __ months
6
in speedy checlklist, a score of 3-5 indicates __ and must be rechecked in __ months
moderate nutritional risk ; 3 months
in speedy checklist, a score of 6 or more indicates __ ; consult w/ physician, dietitian, or other qualified health or social service professional
high nutritional risk
deals with the examination of changes that can be seen or felt in the superficial tissues such as skin, hair, eyes more coverage in a short time, inexpensive
clinical assessment
energy malnutrition classification
protein
symptoms include: marasmus, kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor
protein - energy malnutrition
an impairment of night vision, may be treated by supplementation with Vitamin A ; severe cases need large supplements and a simultaneous treatment of eye problem with antibiotics
xerophthalmia
symptoms include: impaired night vision, smokey conjunctiva, dry eyes, cornea softening and ulcers
xerophthalmia
it is a low hemoglobin
anemia
symptoms include: tiredness, paleness under eyelid, breathlessness, heart palpitations, paleness under the nails, edema
anemia
it is an enlargement of the thyroid glands due to need for iodine ; if iodine is short in supply, the gland grows to try to offset the deficit ; neck swelling
goiter
symptoms include: swelling of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, breathing, tight feeling in throat
goiter
symptoms include: magenta red tongue, sores at the angle of the mouth and folds of the nose, itching and caling of the skin around the nose, mouth, scrotum, forehad, ears, scalp, and others
vitamin B2 or riboflavin deficiency
estimation of time desaturation, enzyme activity or blood composition ; tests are confined to 2 fluids (blood and urine)
biochemical assessment
what are the factors affecting the accuracy of results of biochemical assessment
standards of collection
methods of transport and storage of samples
techniques employed
objectivity ; independent of emotional and subjective factors ; can detect early subclinical states of nutritional deficiency
biochemical assessment
serum albumin and amino acid imbalance in blood indicates
protein deficiency
serum vitamin A, and carotene indicates
vitamin A deficiency
serum alkalin phosphatase in blood indicates
vitamin C deficiency
hemoglobin in blood indicates
iron and vitamin b12 deficiency
hemotcrit in blood indicates
iron deficiency
hydroxyproline excretion, urinary urea, urinary creatinine in urine indicates
protein deficiency
urinary thiamine indicates
thiamine deficiency
urinary riboflavin indicates
riboflavin deficiency
(from 3-4 hr urine of 24hr sample) urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio of 30 or lower in a random sample is indicative of __
malnutrition
Ratio of four indispensable amino acids and four indispensable amino acids in serum by paper chromatography
amino acid imbalance test
a score of 5-10 in amino acid imbalance test indiates
kwashiorkor
a score of less than 2 in amino acid imbalance test indicates __ children
well-fed
in this test, a score of 0.5-1.5 is manifested in clinically malnourishes children ; the normal is 2.0-5.0
hyrdroxyproline excretion in random urine
this is lowered in severe protein depletion
serum albumin
what are the interpretations in serum albumin test
4.25 - high
3.52-4.24 - acceptable
2.80-3.51 - low
less than 2.80 - deficient
cyanmethamoglobin method by spectrophotometry
hemoglobin determination
simple techqnique, handy equipment
A.O hemoglobinometer
a measure of red cell volume, obtained from a finger prick
hematocrit
it reflects prlonged severe ditay dficiecny (up to 1 yr i adults adn 4 months in young children
low serum vitamin A
it is not indicative vitamin A status per se but useful because it refelct recent ingestion of carotene containing foods
serum carotene levels
these tests are specific studies, where additional information regarding change in the bone or muscular performance is required.
biophysical technique or radiologic measurements
have been used in studying the change of bones in rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis and scurvy.
radiologic methods
there is widened concave (cupped) rarified, frayed distal end of long bones usually the radius and ulna
active rickets
there is healed concave line of increase density at distal ends of long bones usually the radius and ulna
rickets
there is ground glass appearance of long bone with loss of density.
infantile scurvy
there is increased cardiac size as visible through rays.
beri beri
Changes in bone also occur in advanced __
florosis
is the measuremne tof variations of the physical dimensions and gross compostiion of the human body at different age levels and degrees of nutrition
anthropometry
Uses weighting scale such as beam balance scales or clinical scales which are ideal, but a bar scale could be used
in their absence ; assess body mass, current nutritional status, key anthropometric measurement
weight (for age)
Assesses linear dimension composed of the following: legs, pelvis, spine and the skull ; Less sensitive and generally an
indicator of past nutritional status (chronicity of malnutrition)
height (for age)
what are used in measuring height
statiometer
anthropometric steel rods
in assessing the height for infants below 2 years old, an )) is used
infantometer
what materials are used for assessing weight for age
weighting scale (beam balance or clinical scales)
bar scale
most accurate indicator of present or current state of
nutrition ; it is an expression of leanness or wasting
weight for height/length
Assesses body composition, fat distribution & hence reserve of calories ; Must be compared against standards
for age and sex at all age
skinfold thickness
in skinfold thickness measurement, what is used?
reliable caliper (harpenden, large, or USAMRNL)
Head/chest circumference ratio is of value in detecting PEM in early childhood ; the same at six months of age. After this, the skull grows slowly and the chest grows more rapidly.
body cirumference
has been mainly used on 1 to 6 years old. Between 1 to 4 years. “reference values” change little, the age need not be accurately known
mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)
Related to maternal nutrition and socio-economic status ; Usually taken as cut-off point for “low birth weight babies” is 2500 grams
birth weight
what is the cut off point for low birth weight babies
2500 grams
what is the reference used for weight for age
philippine classficiation of undernutrition (FNRI) based on Gomez classification
when the child’s weight is between 91 to 110% of his ideal weight, he or she is considered as
normal
when the child’s weight is only 76 to 90% of his ideal weight, he or she is labeled as
first degree or moderately underweight
when the child’s weight is only 61 to 75% if his ideal
weight
second degree or moderately underweight
when the child’s weight is only 60% or less of his ideal weight, he or she is consoidered
third degree or severely underweight
reference used for weight for height
classification of nutritional status by McLaren and Read
Combination of these anthropometric measurements permits further distinction between acute malnutrition (low weight-for-height, normal height-for-age), and chronic malnutrition (low-weight-for-height and low height-for-age) as well as simple stunting.
weight for height and height for age
weight for height with a score of 90% and above
normal
weight for height with a score of below 90% but 85% and above
nutrition dwarfisim (stunted)
weight for height with a score of 90% and above but below 85%
acute or recent malnutirion (wasted)
weight for height with a score of below 90% and below 85%
severe chronic malnutrition (stunted and wasted)
formula for BMI
BMI = weight (kg)/height(m^2)
estimates lean body mass or skeletal muscle reserves
mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)
MUAC of over 135mm and green in color indicates
child is well nourished
MUAC between 125 and 135mm and yellow in color indicates
at risk for acute malnutrition
MUAC between 110mm and 125mm, red in color indicates
moderate acute malnutrition
MUAC less then 110mm, red in color indicates
sever acute malnutrition
MUAC is always taken on the __ arm
left
it is an indication of sever acute malnutrition
pitting edema
it edema is not __, it is not an indication of malnutrition
bilateral
To determine skeletal muscle reserves or the amount of lean body mass & evaluate malnourishment in clients.
mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC)
MAMC is derived by __ and __
MAC and TSF
MAMC of 90% to 99%
mild malnutrition
MAMC 60% to 90%
moderate malnutrition
MAMC ︎60% as seen in protein-calorie malnutrition
severe malnutrition
To assess body fat distribution.
hip waist ratio (HWR)
