WOTR Knowledge Tests (1459-1461) Flashcards
What month in 1459 was there a Great council meeting that the Yorkists were not invited to?
June
What date was the battle at Blore Heath?
23rd September 1459
Where was Salisbury heading when he was intercepted at Blore Heath?
Ludlow Castle
Who died at Blore Heath?
Lord Audley
Who had the bigger army at Blore Heath?
Lancastrians had 10,000 and Yorkists had 3,000-4,000
How many Lancastrians and Yorkists died at Blore Heath?
2,000 Lancastrians and 1,000 Yorkists
What date was Ludford Bridge?
12th October 1459
Why did a number of Yorkists flee the battle at Ludford Bridge?
King was present at the battle/ saw his banner
What was the name of the leader of Calais troops who deserted York?
Andrew Trollope
Where did Warwick and Salisbury flee after Ludford Bridge?
Calais (York fled to Ireland)
What month was the Parliament of Devils held?
November
How many attainders were passed at the Parliament of Devils?
27
Following the Parliament of Devils, who was appointed Lieutenant of Ireland?
Earl of Wiltshire
Who was given Salisbury’s lands in the North?
Sir Ralph Grey - Salisbury’s former retainer, to pay for defending against Scotland
In what month did Warwick travel to Ireland to discuss the next campaign with York?
March 1460
Who attacked Sandwich to destroying the Lancastrian fleet in June 1460 to ensure a place for the Yorkist invasion?
William Neville, Lord Fauconberg (Lord John Dynham too)
How many men landed at Sandwich with March and Salisbury in June 1460?
2,000 men
What was the name of the Lord sent to stop Warwick, but joined his forces?
Lord Cobham
How many men were in Warwick’s army by the time he reached London?
40,000
What date was the Battle of Northampton?
10th July 1460
Who switched sides to join the Yorkists at the Battle of Northampton?
Lord Grey
Which Lancastrian nobles were killed at the Battle of Northampton?
Buckingham, Shrewsbury, Egremont, Beaumont
With the Yorkists back in control of Henry, who was made chancellor?
George Neville (replaced Archbishop Bourchier)
Who was appointed Treasurer in 1460?
Viscount Henry Bourchier (Earl of Essex), replaced treasurer
What month and year was the Act of Accord?
October 1460
What date was Wakefield?
30th December 1460
Who died at Wakefield?
York, Rutland, and Salisbury
What was the name given to Margaret’s army as it was moving South?
Northern Host
How many men did the Northern Host have, according to some contemporary sources?
80,000
What date was the battle of Mortimer’s Cross?
2nd February 1461
Which Lancastrian was killed at the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross?
Owen Tudor
Which gentry fought with Edward at the battle of Mortimer’s cross?
Sir William Herbert and Sir William Devereux
What date was the second battle of St Albans?
17th February 1461
Who betrayed Warwick at Second Battle of St Albans?
Sir Henry Lovelace
Whose execution was ordered by Prince Edward after the Second battle of St Albans?
Lord Bonville
What date was Edward proclaimed King by Parliament?
4th March 1461
What positions did Edward grant Warwick?
Great Chamberlain of England, Captain of Dover, Lord Warden of the Cinque ports, and he remained Captain of Calais
Who was killed at the battle of ferry bridge?
Lord Clifford
What date the Battle of Towton?
29th March 1461
How many were killed at Towton?
28,000
What bridge was broken by the Lancastrians, but led to many of their deaths at Towton?
Tadcaster
Which Lancastrian nobles were killed at Towton?
Northumberland, Egremont, Lord Dacre (Devon and Wiltshire were executed the day after)
Which northern noble was shown mercy after Towton?
Sir Ralph Percy (Northumberland’s brother) Lord Rivers later pardoned
What date was Edward coronated?
28th June 1461
Give an example of a city which switched allegiances due to fear of Margaret’s army
Coventry
When Edward entered London, why did the merchants loan him money?
They thought Edward would bring a better future for business as opposed to the Lancastrians who were in huge amounts of debt
How many noblemen did Edward have in comparison to Margaret?
8/9 whereas Margaret had 19/20
What was a factor that helped the Yorkists during Towton?
Weather meant that wind and snow was blowing in the Lancastrian’s faces and they shot arrows blindly so they did not reach the Yorkists allowing them to gather them up to use later
