Reconstruction

Question 1

How many Americans died during the civil war?

Answer 1

700,000

Question 2

How many pardons did Johnson issue to confederates?

Answer 2

13,000

Question 3

How many slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment?

Answer 3

4 million

Question 4

When was the 14th amendment and what did it do?

Answer 4

1868, gave citizenship to freed slaves m, guaranteed all us citizens equality under the law and the Civil Rights Bill 1866 could not be changed in future

Question 5

What was the 15th amendment and when was it passed?

Answer 5

1869/ratified 1870, vote could not be denied on account of race

Question 6

When was the freedman’s bureau established and what did it do?

Answer 6

1865, assisting freedmen in the south

Question 7

1867 Military Reconstruction Act

Answer 7

Introduced military control in the south

Question 8

Amnesty Act 1872

Answer 8

Allowed ex-confederates back into power

Question 9

What did the Supreme Court rule in 1883 with regards to civil rights?

Answer 9

1875 Civil Rights Act was unconstitutional

Question 10

When did Hayes issue the Southern Compromise and what did this mean for reconstruction?

Answer 10

1877, ended reconstruction and power was completely restored to southern states

Question 11

In South Carolina, what % of eligible black people voted in the 1880 election compared to the 1896 election?

Answer 11

1880- 70%, 1896- 11%

Question 12

In Louisiana, 1896, elections were fought with a background of sustained violence by white terrorists, how many were killed?

Answer 12

1,000

Question 13

1873 colfax massacre

Answer 13

150 freedmen were killed after a Republican won the election for governor

Question 14

US v Cruikshank Supreme Court case

Answer 14

Overturned the convictions of two men who had been prosecuted by the federal government for the colfax massacre. 14th amendment could only be applied to states not individuals

Question 15

Who established the NAACP?

Answer 15

WEB Du Bois

Question 16

Who was Madam CJ Walker?

Answer 16

Member of a sharecropping family but started to develop a hair cream for black people and became the first black female millionaire

Question 17

What did Booker T Washington believe and who was he?

Answer 17

Believed progress would be slow as African Americans had to prove themselves and he was a former slave

Question 18

How many black senators and House of Representatives were elected to Congress?

Answer 18

2 black senators, 20 black House of Representatives

Question 19

What were some examples of universities set up for African Americans?

Answer 19

Howard University (1867), Hampton University (1868), Tuskegee University (1881)

Question 20

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

Answer 20

Separate but equal facilities were legal

Question 21

By 1910, what % of black farmers owned their own land and what happened to their standard of living?

Answer 21

25% owned land and their standard of living improved

Question 22

Definition of reconstruction

Answer 22

The process of reintegrating the southern states into the USA and rebuilding southern society

Question 23

What were the aims of reconstruction?

Answer 23

To set the conditions which would allow the southern states back into the union and assure self-sufficient lives for released slaves

Question 24

Between 1882-1968 how many lynchings took place? How many of these were African Americans?

Answer 24

4,743, 3,446/ 72% were African Americans

Question 25

What did radical Republicans want?

Answer 25

To impose much harsher settlement on the south than Lincoln did

Question 26

Lincoln’s 10% plan

Answer 26

Rebel states would be admitted back into the union if 10% of their electorate agreed to an oath of future allegiance to the USA

Question 27

What were some challenges to the Freedman’s Bureau?

Answer 27

It faced opposition from powerful people and was underfunded/understaffed

Question 28

Why did Johnson face opposition from both the north and the south?

Answer 28

Opposed by the north as he’s an ex-southerner who owned slaves and was governor of Tennessee (a confederate state)/ and opposed by south as he betrayed them

Question 29

Military construction bill

Answer 29

Splits the south into 5 military districts and each was under the control of a federal commander. Had to ensure elections were legal.

Question 30

Carpetbaggers

Answer 30

Northerners who exploited the south during the civil war

Question 31

Scallywags

Answer 31

White southerners who cooperate with the north to benefit themselves

Question 32

In 1870, what fraction of a northerner’s income was a southerner’s?

Answer 32

2/5

Question 33

How did the south’s economy differ to the north’s and why was this?

Answer 33

South was depressed and in poverty in comparison because they were still predominantly agricultural and dependent on plantations

Question 34

What were African Americans seen as in the south?

Answer 34

2nd class citizens

Question 35

There were never more than (blank) troops in the south?

Answer 35

20,000 not enough

Question 36

By 1868, how many blacks and whites could vote and what did this impact?

Answer 36

700k blacks and 660k whites played an important role in electing Grant (Republican) in 1868

Question 37

What did freed people often have to do for work after emancipation?

Answer 37

They became trapped in sharecropping debt where half of the crops had to be given to the land lord

Question 38

In the 1880 election what % of eligible black voters voted in comparison with the % in 1896?

Answer 38

1880 - 70%, 1896 - 11%

Question 39

When did the KKK begin?

Answer 39

1865

Question 40

What did the KKK do?

Answer 40

Terrorist organisation which discouraged black people from voting/holding office using violent acts such as whipping, shooting, hanging etc

Question 41

What was the KKK’s goal?

Answer 41

Preserve white civilisation and return power to the democrats

Question 42

What were the facilities like in the south for African Americans?

Answer 42

They were inferior to whites’

Question 43

Who did freed people buy land from?

Answer 43

Bought from plantation owners who overcharged them

Question 44

When was Lincoln assassinated?

Answer 44

April 1865

Question 45

What was the result of the 1876 election?

Answer 45

Hayes lost to Tilden (Democrat) who won the popular vote causing the 1877 southern compromise

Question 46

Black Codes

Answer 46

Series of laws forcing unemployed black people to work/be apprentices and could also prevent education

Question 47

Civil Rights Bill 1866

Answer 47

Gave minimum rights to black people

Question 48

How did Johnson respond to the civil rights bill 1866?

Answer 48

Vetoed the bill but was overturned by Congress