Gilded Age Flashcards

1
Q

Who came up with the term gilded age?

A

Mark Twain

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2
Q

1869 Gold Scandal

A

Gould and Fisk tried to manipulate the governments gold reserves

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3
Q

1875 Whiskey Ring scandal

A

Group of distillers conspired to defraud the government of millions in taxes

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4
Q

1873 Congress Salary Grab

A

Increased wages by 50% and made it retrospective for 2 years

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5
Q

What were the republicans divided over in the 1880 election?

A

Finding a successor for Hayes

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6
Q

Who did the Stalwarts group around for the 1880 election?

A

Rascoe Conkling

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7
Q

Who were the Half Breeds led by in the 1880 election?

A

James Blaine

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8
Q

How did Garfield strengthen control of the New York Customs House?

A

Removed Conkling

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9
Q

When was the Civil Service Reform League started and why?

A

1881, to campaign for an end to patronage

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10
Q

Pendleton Act 1883 who was it passed by as well?

A

Passed by Arthur, government jobs had to be awarded on merit and capability

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11
Q

Cleveland was supported by Mugwumps who were?..

A

Republicans who would rather support an honest Democrat

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12
Q

Which acts were passed in 1890 as part of Harrison’s presidency?

A

Sherman Anti Trust Act and Sherman Silver Act in 1890

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13
Q

How did the EC Knight case show that the Sherman Anti Trust Act was not effective and had loopholes and when was the case?

A

1895, the sugar company EC Knight got away with owning 98% share of USA’s sugar refining

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14
Q

Why was Harrison able to push through a republican agenda?

A

He had a cabinet full of men who had paid for his election campaign and Congress was also dominated by republicans

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15
Q

Give an example of Harrison pushing through a Republican agenda?

A

McKinley tariff act - increased tariffs on import duties to nearly 50% from 38%

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16
Q

What did Cleveland do following the depression in 1893?

A

Repealed silver

17
Q

How did Cleveland respond to the Pullman Strike 1894?

A

Passed the Omnibus indictment act - an injunction against the strike - and sent troops to stop the strike

18
Q

How many bills did Cleveland veto in his first term?

19
Q

What is an example of a bill Cleveland vetoed?

A

Texas Seed Bill - which would have provided seeds to drought stricken farmers, arguing it was not the government’s responsibility to provide charity

20
Q

Why did Cleveland veto more bills than any previous president?

A

He believed that he had to stop “bad laws”

21
Q

What was the gilded age?

A

Period of greed in business and shameful corruption in politics at the end of reconstruction

22
Q

What was the period of the gilded age?

23
Q

What years was Hayes president?

24
Q

Hayes was opposed by the stalwarts, who were they?

A

A faction of the Republican Party led by Roscoe Conkling

25
What system did the Stalwarts favour?
The spoils system (gave jobs to people who voted/donated)
26
Why was there the railroad strike of 1877?
Railroads cut wages
27
How long was Garfield president?
March 1881 to September 1881
28
How did Garfield strengthen federal authority over the New York Customs House
Kicked out Roscoe Conkling
29
What was the issue in the post office department?
Corruption in the post office department, allegedly stealing millions of dollars by employing star routes
30
How did Garfield reform the post office
He banned star routes and forced the resignation of Thomas J Brady (a ringleader) who was indicted in 1883
31
Who was Garfield shot by and what did this do?
Charles Guiteau (hero of the stalwarts) which increased support for reform
32
When was Arthur president?
1881-1884
33
Pendleton Act 1883
Called for a merit system for promotions within the service, gets rid of the spoils system
34
Chinese exclusion act 1882
Excluded paupers, criminals and mentally ill and halted immigration of Chinese labourers for a period of 10 years
35
How much did Arthur lower tariffs by?
1.47%
36
When was Cleveland president?
1884-1888
37
What did Cleveland do for the civil service?
Wouldn’t fire any Republican doing their job well and wouldn’t hire anyone based solely on party service
38
What did Cleveland do about the role of the federal government?
Limited the role of the federal government - typically Democrat as they prefer state governments
39
Texas Seed Bill
Vetoed $10,000 worth of support for Texas farmers during drought