Civil Rights Flashcards
Brown v Topeka 1954
Desegregated schools and overturned Plessy v Ferguson
Little Rock 1957
Governor Orval Faunus used national guard troops to bar the entry of nine black children to the central High School. Eisenhower sent federal troops and ordered the Arkansas National Guard to be under federal control so the soldiers kept white protesters back and escorted the children into school
Ruby Bridges
Parents pulled their children out of school when Ruby Bridges attended and only one person agreed to teach her
Bussing in students in the 1970’s and 80s
Buses caused mass riots as people did not want the federal government deciding where their kids would go to school
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest and 50,000 black supporters walked to work instead of getting the bus which lasted 381 days
What did the Supreme Court rule in November 1956?
Segregation on buses was unconstitutional
How many people were involved in the march on Washington? 1963
250,000
Civil Rights Act 1964
Outlawed discrimination based on the basis of race, colour, religion, sex and national origin
March on Selma 1965
(Bloody Sunday) political march on Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery. Demonstrators twice attempted to march but were stopped once violently by police
1965 Voting Rights Act
Prohibits racial discrimination in voting
Birmingham Alabama 1963
Bull Connor ordered police to use force against protestors and the SCLC organised the protest to challenge segregation but King and others were arrested.
How many federal troops did Kennedy send to Birmingham Alabama 1963 to enforce desegregation?
3,000
How effective was the student march at Birmingham, Alabama 1963 and how many students were involved?
1,000 very effective because the media coverage was wide and they were able to change the attitudes of the people
When were the freedom rides launched and why?
1961 launched by 13 African Americans and white activists to test the Supreme Court’s ruling in Baynton v Virginia
Where did sit ins start and when?
At lunch counters closed to blacks, started 2nd February 1960 in Greensboro
By February 7th 1960, how many sit ins were there in the South?
54
What did Malcolm X believe in?
Black people needed to focus on improving their race as others already had and wanted separation so that black people coild rule themselves
What % of Islam’s members were aged 17-25?
75%
Who founded the term black power?
Stokely Carmichael
Why was black power started?
The Civil Rights Act t did not help black people economically
How many deaths, injuries and arrests were a part of the ghetto riots 1964-72?
250 deaths, 10,000 injuries and 60,000 arrests
What was black power a way of doing?
Resurrecting black pride and African American culture
When were the Black Panthers set up?
1966
How many members did the Black Panthers have by 1968?
5,000
What was included in the Black Panther’s plan to empower black communities economically?
Basic demands such as self-determination, decent housing, full employment etc
What was an example of a more radical demand the Black Panthers had?
Freeing all incarcerated black men
What was the word negro replaced with?
Black
The SNCC’s work gained how much money worth of government funding to improve community policing?
$3 million
What did black people get the right to do as a result of the number of demonstrations in Washington DC?
Elect their own school boards
