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Uom psych Sem 2 > wk 7 MH > Flashcards

wk 7 MH Flashcards

severe MH problems

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1
Q

affect changes in mania

A

intense elated mood. agitated and irritable

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2
Q

physiological changes in mania

A

Decreases need for sleep,
increase sense of energy,
psychomotor agitation (not being able to stay still)

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3
Q

is hypomania or mania more severe

A

mania

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4
Q

behavioural changes in mania

A
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable risk-taking activities,
  • pressure of speech (talk fast)
  • Increased goal-directed activity
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5
Q

cognitive changes in mania

A
  • inflated self-esteem/grandiosity,
  • Flight of ideas/racing thoughts,
  • distractibility
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6
Q

How common is hypomania?

N = 148 Lancaster University students completed Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ; Hirschfeld et al., 2000)

Found what percentage of people had experiences indicating hypomania

A

35.1%

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7
Q

In the general population, the life-time prevalence of mania is __-__% (Hanquett et al., 2005; Wickham et al 2015)

A

4-9

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8
Q

Episodes of mania and hypomania often (but not always) co-occur with

A

depression/low mood.

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9
Q

Bipolar 1

A

at least one manic episode. major depressive episodes are typical but not necessary for diagnosisb

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10
Q

Bipolar 2

A

At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode

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11
Q

Psychological factors of Bipolar disorder

A

Highly unstable and fluctuating self esteem

Conflictual appraisals about mood and internal states

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12
Q

psychosis

A

medical term used to describe many experiences of “losing contact with reality” including:

-Ability to think clearly
-Telling difference between reality and inner experiences
-Changes in the way people behave

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13
Q

Psychosis is regarded as a ______ ______ of specific psychiatric disorders, particularly ______ but psychotic experiences are actually observed in the context of many other mental health difficulties e.g _____ + _____ etc

A

characteristic feature
schizophrenia
depression, trauma

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14
Q

two types of symptoms in psychosis

A

positive, negative

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15
Q

negative symptoms of psychosis

A

defined by absence of emotonal responses, thought processes and behaviours that are usual in most indoviduals

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16
Q

positive symptoms of psychosis

A

defined by presence of states and experiences that individuals do not normally experience.

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17
Q

sensory perceptions unrelated to outside events, often auditory, but can be in any other/multiple sensory modality inc. visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, somatic

is this positive or negative symptom

A

Hallucinations

positive

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18
Q

Delusions

is this positive or negative symptom

A

False beliefs, often held with great conviction, wide range of possible themes e.g. grandiose beliefs, persecutory/ paranoid beliefs

positive symptom

19
Q

Thought disorder

is this positive or negative symptom

A

incomprehensive thought patterns as evidenced by disorganised speech,e.g. flight of ideas, loose associations based on phonetics rather than semantics

positive

20
Q

alogia

is this positive or negative symptom

A

poverty of speech

negative

21
Q

Avolition

is this positive or negative symptom

A

lack of motivation

22
Q

Blunted, fat or reduced affect

is this positive or negative symptom

A

inability to express appropriate emotions

negative

23
Q

Anhedonia

is this positive or negative symptom

A

inability to experience pleaseure

negative

24
Q

Asociality

is this positive or negative symptom

A

social withdran, lack of desire to engage in social interactions/form relationships

negative

25
Q

approx ___% of general population experience paranoid ideation

A

30%

26
Q

ESTIMATED only ___-___% of people have a diagnosis of auditory hallucinations in general population

A

0.5-1%

27
Q

___% of people who receive diagnoses of schizophrenia remain socially and occupationally impaired many years after diagnosis

A

25

28
Q

Lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia = __-__%

A

5-10%

29
Q

psychological theory of hallucinations

(emergence of psychotic experiences )

A

Source monitoring biases

ability to distinguish between internal and external cognitive events, stress can disrupt

30
Q

psychological theory of Delusions/Paranoia

(emergence of psychotic experiences )

A
  • Theory of mind difficulties (not understanding others mental states),
  • Jumping to conclusion biases ( making overconfident conclusion based on little evidence)
  • Attributional style (external, personalised attributions for negative events (e.g. i failed my exam bc my teacher hates me))
31
Q

psychological theories of psychosocial factors of schizophrenia

(emergence of psychotic experiences )

A

stressful life events trauma social inequality

32
Q

psychological theories of negative belief s about hte self and the world

(distress of psychotic experiences )

A

Garety et al 2001,

Often arises from a background of victimisation and powerlessness

33
Q

psychological theories of Negative, threateneing appraisals of psychotic experiences

(distress of psychotic experiences )

A

“hearing voices means that I am going nuts!”
Morrison et al 2001

34
Q

Personality

A

the collection of enduring behavioural and psychological traits that distinguish human beings

35
Q

personality difficulties are

A

maladaptive and enduring patterns of behaviour, thought and inner experience etc. exhibited across many contexts, that differ markedly from those accepted by the individuals culture and society

36
Q

personality difficulties are particularly evident in two areas:

A

1) Expression and self regulation of distressing emotions

2) Interpersonal relationships

37
Q

Common experiences in people diagnosed with personality disorders:

A
  • Experiencing intense and overwhelming negative feelings
  • Difficulties in managing overwhelming feelings (often using damaging strategies to cope such as drug use)
  • Difficulties maintaining stable and close relationships (children, partners, professional carers)
38
Q

Prevalence of difficulties leading to personality disorders in the UK is

A

4-5%

39
Q

stigma surrounding personality disorders

A

negative reaction from mental health professionals, not seen as a real mental illness

professionals expect negative interactions

People with a diagnosis seen as untreatable, manipulative, attention seeking

40
Q

How to overcome stigma of personality disorder

A

-empathy
-“what happened to you?” rather than “what’s wrong with you?”
e.g: meta analysis of 97 studies found that ppl with a diagnosis of BPD over 13 times more likely to report childhood adversity that non-clinical controls

41
Q

psychological theories of personality difficulties :
Attachement

A

attachment styles

important determinant of effective emotional self-regulation (we learn to self sooth from being soothed)

Insecure attachment styles have been extensively linked to personality difficulties

42
Q

other factors linked to personality difficulties

A
  • Emotional neglect,
  • dismissing family environments
  • adverse early life experiences
43
Q
A

Uom psych Sem 2 (42 decks)

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