wk 7 BB - emotion 2 Flashcards
Emotional contagion:
fast automatic responses to
emotional expressions in another person
– Mimicry
Empathy
feeling and experiencing what another person is
feeling
Affective empathy
Feeling what another person is feeling
through recognition, being sensitive and
having an appropriate affective response
Cognitive empathy:
Recognizing and understanding that
another person is feeling something
different to what you are feeling
Aims: (1) Investigate the neuroanatomical
substrates of cognitive and affective empathy and
(2) the relationship between the two systems
what did they find
Patients with vmPFC lesions were impared in cognitive empathy
Patients with IFG lesions were impaired in emotional empathy compared to other groups
Prosocial motivation*:
The intention to respond compassionately
to another person’s distress
* Precursor of prosocial action
How can we measure empathy?
what is special about this scale
self report- Empathy components questionnaire (ECQ)
contains cognitive and affective components across 27 items
contains items on cognitive drive, affective drive, affective reactivity
- Empathy networks in the brain include regions such as
– Affective: the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior dorsal medial frontal gyrus (pdMFG)
– Cognitive: the ventromedial gyrus (vmPFFC) , supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and anterior dorsal medial frontal gyrus (adMFG)
sex differences in empathy
significant differences for all components of affective empathy, small difference in cognitive empathy
(women score higher)
Aim: To correlate the location of lesions in 108 people
with the ability to perceive emotion in the face
Results:
conclusion:
People who were poorest at facial emotion
recognition had damage to the right somatosensory
cortex.
- People with somatosensory impairments also had
impairments in emotion recognition
conclusion : When we see a facial expression of an
emotion, we unconsciously imagine ourselves making
that expression.
Simulationist Hypothesis:
Emotion recognition involves
simulation of emotion that we are viewing
_____ improves emotion recognition in men with APD
oxytocin
Testosterone and cortisol improve emotion______ accuracy and speed in ______
emotion recognition accuracy and speed in men
does emotion recognition accuracy and speed change during the menstrual cycle?
no
Damage to the ______ causes serious impairments of behavioural control and _______ _______
vmPFC
decision making
Damage to vmPFC leads to
(in terms of moral descision making)
more logical or utilitarian decision making for nonmoral, impersonal (pull switch trolly problem) moral and personal moral (push man of bridge trolley problem) dilemmas
The TPJ (Temoro-Parietal Junction) is involved in …
the vmPFC involved in ….
(decision making)
difficult moral decision making and the vmPFC in easy moral decision making
people with ______ who have ____make more utilitarian decisions than people with AD or people without dementia
bvFTD who have damage to the frontal lobes
behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia
Aim: Investigate boys’ and girls’ development of perspective taking and
empathic concern longitudinally from ages 13 to 18 years and to examine
associations with pubertal status
Found: (in relation to cognitive and affective empathy)
Girls develop cognitive empathy (measured as ability to take perspectives) earlier on and faster
suggests there is a difference in the maturity of cognitive empathy
Ekman and colleagues (1969)
- Concluded that the expression of
emotions are
not learned as they are the
same in cultures that have not been
exposed to each other
Research aim: Compared the expressions of congenitally and
noncongenitally blind athletes in the 2004 Paralympic Games with each other and with those produced by sighted athletes in the 2004 Olympic
Games.
Found what
Results: Few differences in emotional expressions of congenitally
blind, noncongenitally blind and sighted athletes in 2004 Paralympic
Games
Conclusion: suggests that emotion expression is innate and does not
require learning by imitation
Aim: To investigate whether emotional vocalisations communicate affective states
across cultures
Procedure: Participants heard an emotional story. They either
- Played the Himba nonverbal emotional vocalisations from European-English speakers
- Played European English speakers nonverbal emotional vocalisations of emotion from the
Himba
Results + Conclusion
Results: Groups were able to
identify ‘basic’ emotions of their
own cultural group at a higher
level
Conclusions: Negative emotions
have vocalisations that can be
recognised across cultures, but
positive emotions are
communicated with culture- specific signals
the ______ has a prominent role in basic and complex emotion recognition
amygdala
there are sex differences in the laterality of the ________ response to face processing in the _______ face and _______ face areas
temporal
fusiform
occipital
Developmental trajectories of emotion processing differs depending on
the type of emotional expression (sadness develops later)
modality (visual or vocal)
Alexithymia
impaired ability to be aware of identify, describe ones feelings
Alexithymic traits have a significant impact on a persons
emotion regulation, emotion recognition, empathy abilities
