MH wk 5

Question 1

1) Hippocampus related to which MDS ?

2) Links
perceptual systems with
______, especially transfer of
______ to ______ memory;
encoding emotional context of
events from the ______ -

Answer 1

Linked to depression

memory

short-term long term

amygdala

Question 2

Thalamus linked to which MD;

Hub relaying
incoming ______ info
for cognition/emotion
processing: Info is
sorted, integrated,
edited and routed

Answer 2

Psychosis

sensory

Question 3

Hypothalamus linked to which MD;

: Small structure
at brain’s base: Regulates
hormones, head of the HPA
system / stress regulation,
regulates many non-conscious
processes e.g. day-night rhythm,
appetite, reward system

Answer 3

Depression

Question 4

Amygdala linked to which MD

Generates
emotional responses from
senses, especially fear/anger

Answer 4

Psychosis

Question 5

Prefrontal cortex: linked with which MD

Planning, decision making, working memory, regulating social behaviour, evaluating

Answer 5

Depression

Question 6

Hippocampus

Reduced activity linked with ________ _______(role
in memory’s links with perceptual and context
information)

Answer 6

visual hallucinations

Question 7

-Increased hippocampus-amygdala connectivity in
_____ _____ (suggesting heightened sense
of fear/threat; Walther et al., 2021)

Answer 7

paranoid schizophrenia

Question 8

Hippocampus : -Lower volume in ___________ or ______ depression
– these groups also performed more poorly in memory
tests (McQueen et al., 2003)

Answer 8

early onset or recurring depression

Question 9

Temporal lobes: Grey matter density and activation affected in individuals with _______ _______ (involved in processing speech/sounds and emotions)

Answer 9

auditory hallucinations

Question 10

___ gene variants associated with schizophrenia, explaining 23% of the statistical variance (Uher & Zwicker

Answer 10

128

Question 11

___ gene variants associated with major depression (but many also associated with other MDs) (Howard et al., 2019)

Answer 11

102

Question 12

Polymorphisms seem to be shared within clusters of mental/neurodevelopmental disorders: * Lee et al. (2019) identified 3 clusters:

Answer 12

• Mood & psychotic disorders
• Disorders with compulsive behaviours
• Early onset neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 13

• PTSD symptoms among military personnel were associated with _____ _____ (reduced methylation) in the ‘glucocortisoidsensitivity’ gene (e.g. Rutten et al., 2017)
• & change in this ‘profile’ with narrative exposure therapy among Ugandan conflict survivors (Wilker et al., 2023

Answer 13

epigenetic change

Question 14

Epigenetics conclusion

Answer 14

Trauma/stressful events might alter expression of specific genes relevant to mental health, but evidence is mainly limited to mouse models so far