Wk 6 Cardio Pt 3 HF Classifications Flashcards
Where does the fluid back up to in right sided heart failure?
Systemic circulation
Where does the fluid back up to in left sided heart failure?
Pulmonary circulation
With left sided heart failure you get left ventricle __
hypertrophy
Which sided heart failure backs up into the pulmonary veins?
left sided
What sided heart failure exhibits these symptoms:
Cough, crackles, wheezes
Frothy sputum
Left sided
What are two symptoms specific to left sided heart failure?
Proxsymal nocturnal dyspnea
Orthopnea
Frothy sputum can be __ __
blood tinged
Right sided heart failure is usually due to…
COPD
Long term pulmonary hypertension can lead to…
cor pulmonale (right sided heart failure)
Where does the congestion primarily occur with left sided heart failure?
Jugular veins, liver, lower extremities
4 symptoms specific to left sided heart failure
JVD
Dependent edema
Weight gain
Hepatosplenomegaly
What is hepatosplenomegaly?
Enlarged spleen and liver
What is the most common cause of left sided heart failure?
Poorly controlled hypertension
Ascites is most common with which type of heart failure?
Right sided
What does dichotomize mean?
Divide, represent as divided or opposing (right versus left sided heart failure)
What is normal EF?
55-65%
What is HFrEF?
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HFrEF used to be called __ __
systolic heart failure
What procedure is used to determine heart failure?
Transthoracic echocardiogram Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
When does a patient have HFrEF?
EF less than 40%
What causes a reduced EF?
Impaired contractile function
Increased after load
Cardiomyopathy
What is HFpEF?
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFpEF is also called __ __ __
diastolic heart failure
What is going on in HFpEF?
Inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole
What is the primary cause of HFpEF?
Chronic hypertension
What are 4 risk factors of HFpEF?
Female
Older age
Diabetes
Obesity
In a patient with HFpEF, the ejection fraction is typically more…
Moderately decreased, 40-49%
What are 5 risk factors for HFrEF?
Younger age Male CAD Diabetes CKD
In HFrEF, systolic HF, what is the main problem?
Less blood pumped out of the ventricles
In HPpEF, diastolic HF, what is the main problem?
Stiff hypertrophied LV, less blood fills in the ventricle
What initiates ventricular remodeling in HF?
Heart muscle secretes substances to help make it stronger, but this actually worsens the HF
What are the substances that the heart secretes in ventricular remodeling?
Angiotensin II Aldosterone Endothelin TNF-alpha Catecholamines Insulin like growth factor Collagen deposits Myocardial fibrosis
What is the end result of ventricular remodeling?
Enlargement and dilation of the left ventricle which worsens the HF
