Wk 6 Cardio Pt 3 HF Classifications

Question 1

Where does the fluid back up to in right sided heart failure?

Answer 1

Systemic circulation

Question 2

Where does the fluid back up to in left sided heart failure?

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation

Question 3

With left sided heart failure you get left ventricle __

Answer 3

hypertrophy

Question 4

Which sided heart failure backs up into the pulmonary veins?

Answer 4

left sided

Question 5

What sided heart failure exhibits these symptoms:
Cough, crackles, wheezes
Frothy sputum

Answer 5

Left sided

Question 6

What are two symptoms specific to left sided heart failure?

Answer 6

Proxsymal nocturnal dyspnea

Orthopnea

Question 7

Frothy sputum can be __ __

Answer 7

blood tinged

Question 8

Right sided heart failure is usually due to…

Answer 8

COPD

Question 9

Long term pulmonary hypertension can lead to…

Answer 9

cor pulmonale (right sided heart failure)

Question 10

Where does the congestion primarily occur with left sided heart failure?

Answer 10

Jugular veins, liver, lower extremities

Question 11

4 symptoms specific to left sided heart failure

Answer 11

JVD
Dependent edema
Weight gain
Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 12

What is hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 12

Enlarged spleen and liver

Question 13

What is the most common cause of left sided heart failure?

Answer 13

Poorly controlled hypertension

Question 14

Ascites is most common with which type of heart failure?

Answer 14

Right sided

Question 15

What does dichotomize mean?

Answer 15

Divide, represent as divided or opposing (right versus left sided heart failure)

Question 16

What is normal EF?

Answer 16

55-65%

Question 17

What is HFrEF?

Answer 17

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Question 18

HFrEF used to be called __ __

Answer 18

systolic heart failure

Question 19

What procedure is used to determine heart failure?

Answer 19

Transthoracic echocardiogram 
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Question 20

When does a patient have HFrEF?

Answer 20

EF less than 40%

Question 21

What causes a reduced EF?

Answer 21

Impaired contractile function
Increased after load
Cardiomyopathy

Question 22

What is HFpEF?

Answer 22

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Question 23

HFpEF is also called __ __ __

Answer 23

diastolic heart failure

Question 24

What is going on in HFpEF?

Answer 24

Inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole

Question 25

What is the primary cause of HFpEF?

Answer 25

Chronic hypertension

Question 26

What are 4 risk factors of HFpEF?

Answer 26

Female
Older age
Diabetes
Obesity

Question 27

In a patient with HFpEF, the ejection fraction is typically more…

Answer 27

Moderately decreased, 40-49%

Question 28

What are 5 risk factors for HFrEF?

Answer 28

Younger age
Male
CAD
Diabetes
CKD

Question 29

In HFrEF, systolic HF, what is the main problem?

Answer 29

Less blood pumped out of the ventricles

Question 30

In HPpEF, diastolic HF, what is the main problem?

Answer 30

Stiff hypertrophied LV, less blood fills in the ventricle

Question 31

What initiates ventricular remodeling in HF?

Answer 31

Heart muscle secretes substances to help make it stronger, but this actually worsens the HF

Question 32

What are the substances that the heart secretes in ventricular remodeling?

Answer 32

Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Endothelin
TNF-alpha
Catecholamines
Insulin like growth factor
Collagen deposits 
Myocardial fibrosis

Question 33

What is the end result of ventricular remodeling?

Answer 33

Enlargement and dilation of the left ventricle which worsens the HF