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Pathopharmacology I > Wk 2 Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Wk 2 Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins are similar in structure to

A

penicillins

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2
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis through the same penicillin binding protein and activate autolysis

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3
Q

Cephalosporins are often resistant to __-__

A

beta-lactamase

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4
Q

Cephalosporins are low __

A

toxicity

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5
Q

You should avoid cephalosporins if that patient has an __ penicillin allergy

A

anaphylactic

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6
Q

How many generations of cephalosporins are there?

A

5

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7
Q

Cephalosporins are safe for __ and are considered category B

A

Pregnancy

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8
Q

Cephalosporins have a __-__ with penicillin

A

Cross-sensitivity

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9
Q

What type of bacteria do cephalosporins not work against?

A

Enterococcus

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10
Q

1st generation cephalosporins have more action again gram-__ bacteria

A

positive

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11
Q

What generation of cephalosporins has the greatest action against gram-negative bacteria?

A

5th

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12
Q

What type of bacteria is more difficult to treat?

A

gram-negative

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13
Q

What are the 6 most common adverse effects of all cephalosporins?

A 
Mild diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Rash
Pruritus
Redness
Edema
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14
Q

Cephalosporins have the same indications as __

A

penicillins

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15
Q

Cephalosporins have poor __ absorption

A

oral

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16
Q

How many types of cephalosporins are there?

A

18

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17
Q

How many cephalosporins are available PO?

A

10

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18
Q

What are the two 1st generation cephalosporins?

A

cefazolin and cephalexin

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19
Q

What is the trade name of cephalexin?

A

Keflex

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20
Q

What is the trade name of cefazolin?

A

Kefzol/Ancef

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21
Q

1st generation cephalosporins work well on what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-positive

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22
Q

What type of infections do 1st generation cephalosporins work on?

A

Staph and non-enterococcal strep infections

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23
Q

What routes are cefazolin administered?

A

IV only

24
Q

What routes are cephalexin administered?

A

PO and IV

25
Q

Cephalexin is commonly given in what setting and for what?

A

Outpatient for skin infections and UTIs

26
Q

Which 1st generation cephalosporin is commonly given for surgical prophylaxis?

A

cefazolin

27
Q

1st generation cephalosporins are not given for what type of infection?

A

CNS infections because they cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier or CSF

28
Q

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins? (2)

A

Cefuroxime and cefotetan

29
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins cover what types of bacteria?

A

All the gram-positive of the first generation and some gram-negative

30
Q

Cefotetan works on __ bacteria, including __ bacteria

A

intestinal, anaerobic

31
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins have minimal penetration on the __ __ __

A

blood brain barrier

32
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins do not work on __

A

Pseudomonas

33
Q

Cefuroxime does not kill __ bacteria

A

anaerobic

34
Q

What are three 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefotaxine

35
Q

What is the most potent against gram negative bacteria?

A

3rd generation

36
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins do not work against what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-positive

37
Q

What routes are 3rd generation cephalosporins given?

A

IV and IM only, only certain ones are given PO

38
Q

What 3rd generation cephalosporin can be given once per day?

A

ceftriaxone because it is extremely long acting

39
Q

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin is able to cross the blood brain barrier?

A

ceftriaxone

40
Q

Ceftriaxone is effective in treating CNS infections, including __

A

meningitis

41
Q

You shouldn’t give ceftriaxone to patients with…?

A

liver failure

42
Q

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin works well on pseudomonas?

A

ceftrazadime

43
Q

What is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

A

cefepime

44
Q

What types of bacteria does cefepime work on?

A

Both gram-negative and gram-positive

45
Q

Cefepime can also do what?

A

Cross the blood brain barrier

46
Q

What types of infections can cefepime treat?

A

UTIs, skin infections and pseudomonas

47
Q

What drug is a 5th generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

48
Q

What special organisms does ceftaroline work against?

A

MRSA, MSSA, some VRSA/VISA

49
Q

What organisms does ceftaroline NOT work against?

A

Enterobacter, pseudomonas, ESBL, klebsiella

50
Q

What is ESBL?

A

extended-spectrum beta lactamase

51
Q

What is MSSA?

A

methicillin susceptible staph aureus

52
Q

What is VRSA?

A

Vancomycin resistant staph aureus

53
Q

What is VISA?

A

Vancomycin intermediate staph aureus

54
Q

What organ do you need to monitor the function of if a patient is on ceftaroline?

A

Kidneys

55
Q

What route is ceftaroline given?

A

IV

56
Q

What is the newest cephalosporin?

A

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (zerbaxa)

57
Q

Zerbaxa is a cephalosporin combine with…

A

beta lactamase inhibitor

Pathopharmacology I (33 decks)

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