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Pathopharmacology I > Wk 4 Cirrhosis > Flashcards

Wk 4 Cirrhosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Irreversible, inflammatory, fibrotic liver disease

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2
Q

What causes cirrhosis?

A

Structural changes from injury, such as alcohol or viruses, and fibrosis

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3
Q

What is the mortality rate of cirrhosis?

A

26%

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4
Q

The pathological mechanisms of cirrhosis are..

A

not well understood

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5
Q

What is fibrosis of the liver a result of?

A

Infiltration of leukocytes that release inflammatory mediators in activation of this fibrotic process

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6
Q

What does chaotic fibrosis throughout the liver lead to?

A

Obstructive biliary changes and blood flow

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7
Q

What does obstructive biliary changes and blood flow cause?

A

Jaundice

Portal hypertension

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8
Q

Why does the liver not just regenerate?

A

Regeneration is disrupted by hypoxia, necrosis, atrophy, and liver failure

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9
Q

If the damage is related to toxins such as alcohol metabolites, the progression of cirrhosis depends on…

A

the amount of toxins present

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10
Q

Can removal of the toxin slow progression of cirrhosis?

A

Yes but the damage that has already occurred can’t be reversed

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11
Q

What are 4 common causes of cirrhosis?

A

Hep B&C
Alcohol
Idiopathic
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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12
Q

When we intake alcohol it is transformed into…

A

Acetaldehyde

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13
Q

Significant amounts of acetaldehyde activate what type of cells?

A

hepatic stellate cells

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14
Q

What is the primary cell involved in liver fibrosis?

A

hepatic stellate cells

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15
Q

What does acetaldehyde inhibit?

A

Exports and proteins from the liver

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16
Q

In turn, acetaldehyde alters metabolism of…

A

Vitamins and minerals and induces malnutrition

17
Q

What also activates during alcohol consumption?

A

Kupffer cells

18
Q

Kupffer cells attract __ which promote more inflammation

A

Neutrophils

19
Q

What else do kupffer cells cause?

A

Toxins to accumulate from translocation of gut bacteria and causes cellular mediated immunity to be suppressed

20
Q

What is the most common type of cirrhosis?

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

21
Q

Alcoholic cirrhosis accounts for __% of all types of cirrhosis

A

25%

22
Q

Alcoholic fatty liver is the…

A

Mildest/asymptomatic stage of alcoholic cirrhosis development

23
Q

Which alcoholic liver stage is a precursor to cirrhosis?

A

Alcoholic steatohepatitis

24
Q

What is alcoholic steatohepatitis?

A

Inflammation, degeneration of hepatocytes

25
Q

What is alcoholic fibrosis and scarring of the liver?

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

26
Q

If a patient stops drinking in the alcoholic fatty liver phase…

A

their liver can go back to normal once they stop drinking and don’t have other liver toxins

27
Q

Fat deposition in the liver is caused by an increase in…

A

lipogenesis and other pathological changes within the hepatocytes themselves which is caused by the acetaldehyde

28
Q

At the point of alcoholic steatohepatitis, it is stimulating

A

Irreversible fibrosis

29
Q

What are the symptoms of alcoholic steatohepatitis?

A

Anorexia
nausea
jaundice
edema

30
Q

Alcoholic cirrhosis is characterized by…

A 
Oxidative stress
Inflammation
Cellular damage 
Cellular necrosis
Fibrosis
31
Q

List 7 steps to liver failure

A 
Liver cells destroyed
Cells try to regenerate
Disorganized process and abnormal growth
Poor BF and hypoxia
scar tissue formation
Liver failure
32
Q

What are the GI disturbances of EARLY liver cirrhosis

A

N/V
Anorexia
Flatulence
Change in bowel habits

33
Q

What other 3 symptoms are early manifestations of liver cirrhosis?

A

Fever
Weight loss
Palpable liver

34
Q

Cirrhosis is often diagnosed in the…

A

Late stages

Pathopharmacology I (33 decks)

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