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Pathopharmacology I > Wk 4 Liver > Flashcards

Wk 4 Liver Flashcards

1
Q

The liver is the __ organ in the body

A

Largest

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2
Q

How much does the liver weigh?

A

Around 3 pounds

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3
Q

Takes up how much cardiac output?

A

7%

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4
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Right epigastric region

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5
Q

The liver has a __ capsule that is divided into right and left lobes

A

fibrous

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6
Q

What is the functional unit of the liver?

A

Lobules

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7
Q

Lobules are made up of what type of cell?

A

Hepatocytes

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8
Q

Hepatocytes are arranges around a __ __

A

central vein

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9
Q

What type of cell is one of the only ones that can regrow and regenerate?

A

Hepatocytes

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10
Q

The liver can be regrown if…

A

the remaining liver is healthy

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11
Q

Where are Kupffer cells?

A

Line the inner liver capillaries and sinusoids

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12
Q

What type of cells line the inner liver capillaries and sinusoids?

A

Kupffer

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13
Q

What are Kupffer cells responsible for?

A

removing the bacteria and toxins from the blood

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14
Q

What does the liver store and metabolize?

A

Fat, carbs, proteins

Vitamins, minerals

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15
Q

The liver is a __ __ reservoir

A

blood volume

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16
Q

How does the liver alter circulating blood volume?

A

Distends/compresses

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17
Q

How does the liver filter our blood?

A

Removes bilirubin

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18
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown

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19
Q

What blood clotting factors does the liver make?

A

Prothrombin and fibrinogen

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20
Q

How does the liver affect drugs?

A

Works on metabolization and detoxification

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21
Q

List 5 major functions of the liver

A 
Metabolism of micro/macro nutrients
Blood volume reservoir
Blood filter
Blood clotting factors
Drug metabolism and detoxification
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22
Q

The portal circulatory system brings blood from where to the liver?

A

Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Pancreas

Basically the lower body

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23
Q

What vein brings blood to the liver, from the other organs?

A

portal vein

24
Q

The blood in the portal vein is __

A

deoxygenated

25
Q

The blood that is in the portal vein is rich in nutrients from…

A

the intestinal tract

26
Q

Where do the absorbed products of digestion go?

A

Directly to the liver and are sent to the lobules

27
Q

Where does the first pass effect come from?

A

The digested products from the small intestines go directly to the liver to be metabolized

28
Q

Because of the first pass effect, oral drugs typically have…

A

higher doses

29
Q

What 3 tests typically make up what is known as liver function tests?

A

ALT
AST
Alkaline phosphorous

30
Q

What are the labs that we look at concerning the liver? (6)

A 
LFTs
Bilirubin
Serum ammonia
Serum protein 
Serum albumin
PT (prothrombin time)
31
Q

LFTs are not a great indicator of…

A

disease severity

32
Q

Conjugated bilirubin is __

A

direct

33
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is __

A

indirect

34
Q

The liver is responsible for __ __ ammonia, so if it is not functioning…

A

breaking down, we’ll see really high ammonia levels

35
Q

The liver is responsible for __ protein. If the liver is not function we will see…

A

creating, low protein levels

36
Q

Why does PT elevate?

A

Liver is responsible for making clotting factors

37
Q

What is another name for jaundice?

A

Icterus

38
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Increased levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream

39
Q

When is jaundice noticeable?

A

Total bilirubin great than 2-2.5 mg/dl

40
Q

What are the 3 classifications of jaundice?

A

Hemolytic
Hepatocellular
Obstructive

41
Q

This type of jaundice is caused by an increased breakdown of RBCs

A

Hemolytic

42
Q

What is hepatocellular jaundice caused by?

A

liver unable to take up bilirubin from blood or unable to conjugate it

43
Q

What causes obstructive jaundice?

A

Decreased or obstructed flow of bile

44
Q

Why does hemolysis cause jaundice?

A

Because bilirubin is a product of RBC breakdown

45
Q

Bilirubin is also a by product of __ breakdown

A

heme

46
Q

Direct/conjugated bilirubin makes up what percentage?

A

30%

47
Q

Indirect/unconjugated bilirubin makes up what percentage?

A

70%

48
Q

When does an elevation of indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin occur?

A

Bilirubin overproduction OR impaired liver functioning

49
Q

What does an elevation of direct (conjugated) bilirubin occur?

A

Liver is working but can’t get the bilirubin out such as bile duct obstruction

50
Q

If a patient is jaundice, what lab would the provider order?

A

Bilirubin

51
Q

Where do you look for jaundice in dark skinned people?

A

Sclera of the eyes, palms of hands and soles of the feet

52
Q

If someone has jaundice their urine will be…

A

Dark

53
Q

If someone has jaundice their liver enzymes will be…

A

Elevated

54
Q

If someone has jaundice their stools will be…

A

Normal or clay colored

55
Q

What other symptom might someone present with if they have jaundice?

A

pruritus

56
Q

What gives our poop the brown color that it normally is?

A

Our liver releases bile salts into the stool

57
Q

If stool is clay colored you could have…

A

liver infection that reduces bile production or the flow of bile out of the liver is blocked

Pathopharmacology I (33 decks)

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