Wk 2 Other Antibiotics (cell wall) Flashcards
What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?
glycopeptide antibiotic
What is the MOA of vancomycin?
destroys by binding to the bacterial cell wall and provides immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and causes death
Vancomycin does not cause __
autolysis
Vancomycin only works on gram-__ infections
positive
Vancomycin does work against which resistant organisms?
MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus
What two conditions is oral vancomycin given to treat?
C diff and pseudomembranous colitis
Vancomycin doesn’t work for __ infections
CNS
The kidneys do not __ vancomycin
eliminate
What change in dose of vancomycin for a patient who has kidney dysfunction?
decrease dose
How do we measure how your kidneys are able to break down and metabolize a drug?
Peak and trough levels
About when would you draw a peak level for vancomycin?
6 hours
When should you get a trough level?
immediately before the next dose
What is a trough level?
Lowest dose of abx circulating in the blood
What two lab tests in addition to a peak and trough do we use to monitor kidney processing of vancomycin
BUN and creatinine
Peak and trough levels are typically ordered for __ vancomycin, not __
IV not oral
__ with high levels of vancomycin is an adverse effect
Ototoxicity
What is ototoxicity?
Drug-induced hearing or balance problems
Why do we need to monitor platelets in a patient taking vacomycin?
It causes immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Platelets adhere to the vancomycin and don’t work properly
Vancomycin is __
Nephrotoxic
What type of drug specifically should you be careful of if a patient is also taking vancomycin?
Neuromuscular blockades (paralyzers)
What side effect are we most concerned about when it comes to vancomycin?
red man syndrome
What is red man syndrome?
Flushing, rash (on trunk), pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension
Red man syndrome is more commonly associated with __ __
rapid infusion
When administering vancomycin, you should infuse…
slowly over a long period of time
If a patient starts to develop red man syndrome after infusing with vancomycin, what should you do?
Notify HCP and slow the infusion down
What type of antibiotic is aztreonam?
monobactam
What is aztreonam most commonly used for?
gram-negative bacteria
What is the MOA of aztreonam?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis and causes cell lysis
What routes is aztreonam given?
IV and IM
Aztreonam can cross the…
blood brain barrier and work on CNS infections
What are the two most common side effects of aztreonam?
Thrombophlebitis/pain at injection site
If you can’t give a patient cephalosporins or penicillins because of cross sensitivity, what can you give them?
Aztreonam
What type of drug is televancin?
Glycopeptide antibiotic
What is the MOA of televancin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
What route is televancin?
IV only
What is televancin typically used for?
gram-positive skin infections, such as MRSA
What are some adverse effects of televancin? (3)
Renal toxicity
Infusion-related reactions
Prolonged QT interval
What type of drug is telicoplanin?
Semisynthetic glycopeptide
What is the MOA of telicoplanin?
Inhibits peptidoglycan polymerization, results in inhibition of cell wall synthesis and results in cell death
Telicoplanin can be given PO to treat what two conditions?
C diff and pseudomembranous colitis
Telicoplanin has a very long
half-life
What type of bacteria does telicoplanin treat?
gram-positive infections like MRSA and enterococcus
